Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
Appetite. 2019 Jun 1;137:124-133. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
The relationship between eating a healthy diet and positive health outcomes is well known; nurturing healthy eating among children therefore has the potential to improve public health. A healthy diet occurs when one's usual eating patterns include adequate nutrient intake and sufficient, but not excessive, energy intake to meet the energy needs of the individual. However, many parents struggle to establish healthy eating patterns in their children due to the pressures of modern life. Moreover, healthcare providers often do not have the time or the guidance they need to empower parents to establish healthy eating practices in their children. Based on existing evidence from epidemiologic and intervention research, the Nurturing Children's Healthy Eating collaboration, established by Danone Institute International, has identified four key themes that encourage and support healthy eating practices among children in the modern Western world. The first - positive parental feeding - explores how parenting practices and styles, such as avoiding food restriction, allowing children to make their own food choices, and encouraging children to self-limit their portion sizes, can influence children's dietary intake. The second - eating together - highlights the link between eating socialization through regular family meals and healthful diet among children. The third - a healthy home food environment - explores the impact on eating practices of family resources, food availability/accessibility, parental modeling, and cues for eating. The fourth - the pleasure of eating - associates children's healthy eating with pleasure through repeated exposure to healthful foods, enjoyable social meals, and enhancement of the cognitive qualities (e.g. thoughts or ideas) of healthful foods. This paper reviews the evidence leading to the characterization of these nurturing themes, and ways in which recommendations might be implemented in the home.
众所周知,健康饮食与积极的健康结果之间存在关联;因此,培养儿童健康饮食习惯有潜力改善公众健康。健康饮食是指一个人通常的饮食模式包括足够的营养摄入和充足但不过量的能量摄入,以满足个体的能量需求。然而,由于现代生活的压力,许多父母难以在孩子中建立健康的饮食习惯。此外,医疗保健提供者通常没有时间或必要的指导来赋予父母权力,以在孩子中建立健康的饮食习惯。基于流行病学和干预研究的现有证据,达能研究所国际组织成立的“培养儿童健康饮食习惯”合作组织确定了四个鼓励和支持现代西方世界儿童健康饮食习惯的关键主题。第一个主题是“积极的父母喂养”,探讨了育儿实践和风格(如避免食物限制、允许孩子自己选择食物以及鼓励孩子自我限制食物份量)如何影响儿童的饮食摄入。第二个主题是“一起用餐”,强调了通过定期家庭用餐进行饮食社会化与儿童健康饮食之间的联系。第三个主题是“健康的家庭食物环境”,探讨了家庭资源、食物可得性/可及性、父母榜样和饮食线索对饮食行为的影响。第四个主题是“饮食的乐趣”,通过反复接触健康食品、享受社交餐和增强健康食品的认知品质(例如想法或观念),将儿童的健康饮食与乐趣联系起来。本文综述了导致这些培养主题特征化的证据,以及在家中实施建议的方法。