Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Am J Prev Med. 2019 Apr;56(4):494-500. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.024. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
Distracted driving resulting from secondary task engagement is a major contributing factor to teenage drivers' crash risk. This study aims to determine the extent to which visual inattention while engaging in distracting secondary tasks contributes to teenage drivers' crash risk.
Real-world driving data were collected from a cohort of 82 newly licensed teenagers (average age 16.48 years, SD=0.33) recruited in Virginia. Participants' private vehicles were equipped with data acquisition systems that documented driving kinematics and miles driven, and made video recordings of the driver and driving environment. Data were collected from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed in 2017. The analysis of secondary task engagement was based on 6-second video segments from both crash and random samples of normal driving.
Of a wide range of secondary tasks, only manual cellphone use (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1, 6.8) and reaching/handling objects while driving (OR=6.9, 95% CI=2.6, 18.6) were associated with increased crash risk. Drivers' duration of eyes off the road accounted for 41% of the crash risk associated with manual cellphone use and 10% of the risk associated with reaching/handling objects while driving.
Secondary tasks vary in the risk they introduce to the teenage driver. Manual cellphone use and reaching for objects were found to be associated with increased crash risk. These findings objectively quantify the effect of visual inattention resulting from distracting secondary tasks on teenage drivers' crash risk. Teenage drivers may benefit from technologic and behavioral interventions that will keep their eyes on the road at all times and discourage engagement in distracting secondary tasks.
由于从事次要任务而导致的分心驾驶是青少年驾驶员碰撞风险的一个主要因素。本研究旨在确定从事分散注意力的次要任务时视觉注意力不集中对青少年驾驶员碰撞风险的影响程度。
从弗吉尼亚州招募的一个新获得驾照的青少年队列（平均年龄 16.48 岁，SD=0.33）中收集了真实驾驶数据。参与者的私人车辆配备了数据采集系统，该系统记录了驾驶运动学和行驶里程，并对驾驶员和驾驶环境进行了视频记录。数据收集于 2010 年至 2014 年，并于 2017 年进行了分析。次要任务参与的分析基于来自碰撞和正常驾驶随机样本的 6 秒视频片段。
在广泛的次要任务中，只有手动使用手机（OR=2.7，95%CI=1.1，6.8）和在驾驶时伸手/拿取物品（OR=6.9，95%CI=2.6，18.6）与增加碰撞风险有关。驾驶员眼睛离开道路的持续时间占手动使用手机相关碰撞风险的 41%，占伸手/拿取物品相关碰撞风险的 10%。
次要任务在它们给青少年驾驶员带来的风险方面有所不同。手动使用手机和伸手拿取物品与增加的碰撞风险有关。这些发现客观地量化了分散注意力的次要任务导致的视觉注意力不集中对青少年驾驶员碰撞风险的影响。青少年驾驶员可能受益于技术和行为干预措施，这些措施将使他们始终保持眼睛注视道路，并阻止他们从事分散注意力的次要任务。
