Mass Alla M, Supin Alexander Ya
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Brain Behav Evol. 2018;92(3-4):117-124. doi: 10.1159/000496326. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
Based on anatomical measurements of refractive structures in the eye, the positions of focused images were computed for several groups of semiaquatic mammals: rodents, a nonpinniped semiaquatic carnivore (the sea otter), and pinniped carnivores (seals, sea lions, and the walrus). In semiaquatic rodents, eye optics enable emmetropia in the air but cause substantial hypermetropia in the water. In semiaquatic carnivores, there are several mechanisms for amphibious vision that focus images on the retina in both air and water. These mechanisms include the potential for a substantial change in the lens shape of sea otters and the presence of the corneal emmetropic window in pinnipeds. The results suggest that several groups of mammals that independently adapted to aquatic environments vary in how their visual systems adapted to aquatic vision.
基于对眼睛屈光结构的解剖学测量，计算了几组半水生哺乳动物聚焦图像的位置：啮齿动物、一种非鳍足类半水生食肉动物（海獭）和鳍足类食肉动物（海豹、海狮和海象）。在半水生啮齿动物中，眼睛光学系统在空气中能实现正视，但在水中会导致明显的远视。在半水生食肉动物中，有几种两栖视觉机制可在空气和水中都将图像聚焦在视网膜上。这些机制包括海獭晶状体形状可能发生的显著变化以及鳍足类动物中存在的角膜正视窗口。结果表明，几组独立适应水生环境的哺乳动物，其视觉系统适应水生视觉的方式各不相同。
