J Adhes Dent. 2019;21(1):27-36. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a41923.
To evaluate the effect of ethanol-wet/hydrophobic resin bonding (EWB) in a simplified dehydration protocol with ultrasonic agitation (UA) of etch-and-rinse adhesives on the bonding quality in root canals.
56 extracted human maxillary central incisors were divided into 4 groups (n = 14) according to the procedures of bonding fiber posts in root canals: A: conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive as control (All-Bond 3, Bisco); B: EWB in a simplified dehydration protocol, ie, after 100% ethanol dehydration (30 s, 3 times), ethanol/hydrophobic resin (50% bis-GMA + TEG-DMA, 50% ethanol) was applied into the root canal as a primer, followed by applying pure co-monomer adhesive; C: EWB in a standard dehydration protocol, ie, ascending concentrations of ethanol (50%, 70%, 80%, 90%) for 30 s and 100% ethanol (30 s, 3 times) for dehydration, with the remaining procedure conducted as in group B; D: EWB in a simplified dehydration protocol under ultrasonic agitation (UA), ie, 100% ethanol under ultrasonic agitation for 30 s, ethanol/hydrophobic resin as a primer applied under UA for 60 s, followed by the application of pure co-monomer adhesive. All the specimens were cemented with Duo-Link (Bisco) and immersed in artificial saliva for 24 h or thermocycled for 10,000 times. Bond strength, failure mode, and nanoleakage were evaluated. Hybrid layer and resin tags were also observed with SEM. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA (bond strength) and Kruskal-Wallis analysis (nanoleakage, resin tag score) (α = 0.05).
Significant differences existed in bond strength (p = 0.02) and nanoleakage (p = 0.02) among groups. After 24 h and after thermocycling, group D exhibited higher bond strengths than did group B (p = 0.02 after 24 h, p = 0.03 after aging) and group A (p = 0.06 after 24 h, p = 0.04 after aging). Bond strength and nanoleakage showed no significant difference after aging (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in resin tag scores between any of the groups, but the apical third of the roots exhibited the lowest score (p = 0.001).
The synergistic effects of the two pretreatment strategies (EWB in a simplified dehydration protocol and UA) improved the bonding quality. UA had a positive effect on the adhesion of the etch-and-rinse adhesives, when EWB in a simplified procedure was applied into the root canal.
评估在超声搅拌（UA）简化脱水方案下使用乙醇湿/疏水性树脂粘结（EWB）对牙本质内酸蚀冲洗粘结剂粘结质量的影响。
根据根管纤维桩粘结程序，将 56 颗离体上颌中切牙分为 4 组（n = 14）：A：传统酸蚀冲洗粘结剂作为对照（All-Bond 3，Bisco）；B：简化脱水方案下的 EWB，即 100%乙醇脱水（30 秒，3 次）后，将乙醇/疏水性树脂（50%双 GMA + TEG-DMA，50%乙醇）作为底漆应用于根管内，然后应用纯共聚单体粘结剂；C：标准脱水方案下的 EWB，即 50%、70%、80%、90%乙醇各 30 秒，100%乙醇（30 秒，3 次）脱水，其余步骤与 B 组相同；D：超声搅拌下简化脱水方案下的 EWB，即 100%乙醇超声搅拌 30 秒，超声搅拌下应用乙醇/疏水性树脂作为底漆 60 秒，然后应用纯共聚单体粘结剂。所有标本均用 Duo-Link（Bisco）粘结，在人工唾液中浸泡 24 小时或热循环 10000 次。评估粘结强度、失效模式和纳米渗漏。用 SEM 观察混合层和树脂标记。数据采用双因素方差分析（粘结强度）和 Kruskal-Wallis 分析（纳米渗漏、树脂标记评分）（α = 0.05）。
各组间粘结强度（p = 0.02）和纳米渗漏（p = 0.02）存在显著差异。24 小时后和热循环后，D 组的粘结强度高于 B 组（24 小时后 p = 0.02，老化后 p = 0.03）和 A 组（24 小时后 p = 0.06，老化后 p = 0.04）。老化后粘结强度和纳米渗漏无显著差异（p > 0.05）。各组间树脂标记评分无显著差异，但根尖 1/3 处评分最低（p = 0.001）。
两种预处理策略（简化脱水方案下的 EWB 和 UA）的协同作用提高了粘结质量。在根管内应用简化程序的 EWB 时，UA 对酸蚀冲洗粘结剂的粘结有积极作用。
