Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China.
College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China.
Chem Rev. 2019 Mar 27;119(6):4357-4412. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00672. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
Because of the high catalytic activities and substrate specificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsic shortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties of recycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity in 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emerging in the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic catalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages such as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of the possible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel and high-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities of nanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematically introduce the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes as well as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and the development of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.
由于天然酶具有高催化活性和底物特异性，因此被广泛应用于工业、医学和生物学等领域。尽管具有广阔的应用前景，但天然酶往往存在成本高、操作稳定性低和回收困难等固有缺点。为了克服这些缺点，研究人员长期以来一直致力于探索人工酶模拟物。自 2007 年发现具有内在辣根过氧化物酶样活性的磁性纳米粒子以来，在接下来的十年中，不断涌现出大量关于纳米酶的研究。纳米酶是一类具有酶催化性质的纳米材料。与天然酶相比，纳米酶具有成本低、稳定性和耐久性高等优点，已广泛应用于工业、医学和生物学等领域。深入了解可能的催化机制将有助于开发新型高效的纳米酶，并对纳米酶的活性进行合理调控具有重要意义。在本文中，我们系统地介绍了纳米酶在生物传感、环境保护和疾病治疗等领域的分类、催化机制、活性调控以及近年来的研究进展。我们还提出了纳米酶目前所面临的挑战以及未来的研究重点。我们期望本文能够为深入了解纳米酶的性质以及开发具有酶模拟活性的新型纳米材料提供参考。
