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J Hum Lact. 2017 May;33(2):390-400. doi: 10.1177/0890334417691506. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
2
Association Between WIC Enrollment and Exclusive Breastfeeding at 3 Months Postpartum Among Low-Income Mothers.低收入母亲产后3个月时参加妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）与纯母乳喂养之间的关联
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2016 Dec 1;116(12):770-779. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.152.
3
Disparities in Breastfeeding: Impact on Maternal and Child Health Outcomes and Costs.母乳喂养的差异：对母婴健康结局及成本的影响
J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;181:49-55.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.028. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
4
WIC Participation and Breastfeeding at 3 Months Postpartum.产后3个月时的妇女、婴儿与儿童营养补充计划参与情况及母乳喂养情况
Matern Child Health J. 2016 Aug;20(8):1735-44. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-1977-1.
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Evaluating Latino WIC Mothers' Perceptions of Infant's Healthy Growth: A Formative Assessment.评估拉丁裔妇女、婴儿与儿童营养补充计划母亲对婴儿健康成长的认知：一项形成性评估。
Matern Child Health J. 2016 Mar;20(3):525-33. doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1850-7.
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Promoting Food Security for All Children.促进所有儿童的粮食安全。
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Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding.母乳喂养方面的种族和族裔差异。
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10
The new food package and breastfeeding outcomes among women, infants, and children participants in Los Angeles County.新食品包装与洛杉矶县妇女、婴儿和儿童参与者的母乳喂养结果。
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社会人口统计学预测因素分析：参加妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）的低收入妇女纯母乳喂养的情况。

Sociodemographic predictors of exclusive breast-feeding among low-income women attending a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programme.

机构信息

1Obesity and Chronic Disease Prevention,Loudoun County Health Department,Leesburg, VA,USA.

3Department of Nutrition and Food Studies,George Mason University,4408 Patriot Circle,suite 4100,Fairfax,VA 22030,USA.

出版信息

Public Health Nutr. 2019 Jun;22(9):1667-1674. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000119. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

DOI:10.1017/S1368980019000119
PMID:30803466
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10260866/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe infant feeding practices and predictors of exclusive breast-feeding among women attending a local Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programme.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey. Outcomes included reported infant feeding practices at 3 and 6 months, timing and reasons for introduction of formula. Descriptive statistics, χ 2 tests and logistic regression were used describe the sample and explore relationships between variables.

SETTING

Loudoun County, VA, USA.

SUBJECTS

A sample of 190 predominantly Hispanic women attending local WIC clinics.

RESULTS

Overall, 84 % of women reported ever breast-feeding and 61 % of infants received formula in the first few days of life. Mothers who reported on infant feeding practices were less likely to exclusively breast-feed (34 v. 45 %) and more likely to provide mixed feeding (50 v. 20 %) at 3 months compared with 6 months, respectively. Significant (P<0·05) predictors of exclusive breast-feeding at 3 months included setting an exclusive breast-feeding goal and completing some high school (compared with completing high school or more). Only education remained a significant predictor of exclusive breast-feeding at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

A high proportion of women reported giving formula in the first few days of life and many changed from mixed to exclusive breast-feeding or formula by 6 months, suggesting possibly modifiable factors. Further investigation can help drive direct service- as well as policy and systems-based interventions to improve exclusive breast-feeding.

摘要

目的

描述参加当地妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）的妇女的婴儿喂养方式及纯母乳喂养的预测因素。

设计

横断面调查。结果包括报告的婴儿在 3 个月和 6 个月时的喂养方式、配方奶引入的时间和原因。采用描述性统计、χ 2 检验和逻辑回归来描述样本并探讨变量之间的关系。

地点

美国弗吉尼亚州劳登县。

对象

参加当地 WIC 诊所的 190 名主要为西班牙裔的妇女。

结果

总体而言，84%的女性报告曾进行过母乳喂养，61%的婴儿在生命的头几天接受了配方奶。报告婴儿喂养方式的母亲不太可能进行纯母乳喂养（34%比 45%），而更有可能进行混合喂养（50%比 20%），分别在 3 个月和 6 个月时。3 个月时纯母乳喂养的显著预测因素（P<0·05）包括设定纯母乳喂养目标和完成一些高中教育（与完成高中或更高学历相比）。只有教育仍然是 6 个月时纯母乳喂养的显著预测因素。

结论

很大一部分女性报告在生命的头几天就给予了配方奶，许多女性在 6 个月时从混合喂养转为纯母乳喂养或配方奶，这表明可能存在可改变的因素。进一步的调查可以帮助推动直接服务以及政策和系统为基础的干预措施，以提高纯母乳喂养率。