Institute of Mechanical Engineering/Recycling Units, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 32, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mineral Processing, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Agricolastraße 1, 09500 Freiberg, Germany.
Institute of Mechanical Engineering/Recycling Units, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 32, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
Waste Manag. 2019 Feb 15;85:317-326. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.042. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
The number of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs and HEVs) as an alternative to internal combustion engines (ICE) has been rapidly growing for the last five years. When the electric cars or their traction batteries reach their end of life (EOL), an efficient recycling (from a material as well as an energetic point of view) is important to ensure sustainability and to close the materials cycle. Combining mechanical processes like crushing, screening and sorting, valuable metals such as copper, steel and aluminium can be recovered. Key to this is a sufficient liberation of components by crushing and grinding. This study focuses on safety issues of mechanical processing and on the correlation between the material composition and the required specific mechanical energy input necessary to break the Li-ion battery cell apart. Investigations on the crushing behaviour of the single components (anode-, cathode- and separator foils as well as housing materials) and entire Li-ion battery cells were done. Measured specific mechanical stress energies for the crushing of complete battery cells are compared to calculated ones. Inputs to the calculation are the measured specific stress energies of the single components comminution. As a result, the comminution can be adjusted and optimized in order to keep up with the rapid development of Li-ion batteries. With respect to the recyclability of Li-Ion battery cells, recommendations for a design appropriate for recycling are made.
在过去五年中，作为内燃机 (ICE) 的替代品，电动汽车和混合动力电动汽车 (EV 和 HEV) 的数量迅速增长。当电动汽车或其牵引电池达到使用寿命终点 (EOL) 时，从材料和能源的角度来看，高效的回收利用对于确保可持续性和闭合材料循环至关重要。通过结合机械工艺，如破碎、筛分和分类，可以回收铜、钢和铝等有价值的金属。关键是通过破碎和研磨充分实现组件的分离。本研究重点关注机械加工的安全问题，以及材料成分与分离锂离子电池所需的特定机械能输入之间的相关性。对单个组件（阳极、阴极和隔离膜以及外壳材料）和整个锂离子电池的破碎行为进行了研究。将完整电池单元的破碎的测量特定机械应力能量与计算值进行了比较。计算的输入是单个组件粉碎的测量特定应力能量。结果，可以调整和优化粉碎过程，以跟上锂离子电池的快速发展。关于锂离子电池的可回收性，提出了适合回收的设计建议。
