Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
Exp Mol Med. 2019 Feb 21;51(2):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-019-0216-4.
Hyperhomocysteinemia/Homocysteinuria is characterized by an increased level of toxic homocysteine in the plasma. The plasma concentration of homocysteine is 5-15 μmol/L in healthy individuals, while in hyperhomocysteinemic patients, it can be as high as 500 μmol/L. While increased homocysteine levels can cause symptoms such as osteoporosis and eye lens dislocation, high homocysteine levels are most closely associated with cardiovascular complications. Recent advances have shown that increased plasma Hcy is also a fundamental cause of neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia), diabetes, Down syndrome, and megaloblastic anemia, among others. In recent years, increased plasma homocysteine has also been shown to be closely related to cancer. In this review, we discuss the relation between elevated plasma Hcy levels and cancer, and we conclude that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Future clinical perspectives are also discussed.
高同型半胱氨酸血症/同型半胱氨酸尿症的特征是血液中同型半胱氨酸水平升高。健康个体血液中同型半胱氨酸的浓度为 5-15μmol/L,而在高同型半胱氨酸血症患者中,其浓度可高达 500μmol/L。虽然同型半胱氨酸水平升高可引起骨质疏松症和晶状体脱位等症状,但高同型半胱氨酸血症与心血管并发症的关系最为密切。最近的研究进展表明,血浆 Hcy 升高也是神经退行性疾病(包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和痴呆症)、糖尿病、唐氏综合征和巨幼细胞性贫血等疾病的根本原因。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,血浆同型半胱氨酸水平升高与癌症也密切相关。在本文中,我们讨论了升高的血浆 Hcy 水平与癌症之间的关系,并得出结论,同型半胱氨酸代谢紊乱与癌症有关。还讨论了未来的临床前景。