Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 25;9(1):2682. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39635-y.
Tobacco control still poses an immense challenge for the government of Nepal. Updated knowledge on the current pattern of tobacco use and its associated factors will be helpful for policy makers to curb the tobacco epidemic. This study fills this gap by, (i) exploring demographic, socio-economic and geographic correlates of current tobacco use using a nationally representative sample of 15-49-year adults from Nepal Demographic Health survey 2016, and (ii) examining the prevalence and trends of both smoking and non-smoking forms of tobacco use in a nationally representative sample of 15-49-year adults drawn from three consecutive Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) between 2006 and 2016.Among males, the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was higher than that of smoking (40.1% and 27.4% respectively), whereas among females smoking was more common than smokeless tobacco use (prevalence of 5.5% and 3.8% respectively). Both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were associated with older age and lower level of education. Among males, those living in urban areas were more likely to consume any form of tobacco. Residents of terai/plains were more likely to use smokeless tobacco. The concentration curves on cumulative proportion of tobacco use ranked by wealth quintiles showed tobacco use to be highest among the lowest socio-economic groups in both males and females in all three survey years. We found a decreasing trend of tobacco smoking and an increasing trend of smokeless tobacco use over the 10-year period. However, the consumption of both forms of tobacco increased in young males during the same period. Proper monitoring of adherence to directives of the anti-tobacco law should be ensured to curb the increasing burden of tobacco use among young males, and a similar effort is needed to sustain the decline in tobacco uses among other population groups in Nepal.
控制烟草仍然是尼泊尔政府面临的巨大挑战。了解当前烟草使用模式及其相关因素的最新知识，将有助于政策制定者遏制烟草流行。本研究通过以下方式填补了这一空白：（i）利用尼泊尔 2016 年人口与健康调查中 15-49 岁成年人的全国代表性样本，探讨当前烟草使用的人口统计学、社会经济和地理相关因素；（ii）在 2006 年至 2016 年连续三次人口与健康调查中抽取的 15-49 岁成年人全国代表性样本中，检查吸烟和非吸烟形式的烟草使用的流行率和趋势。男性中，嚼烟的使用流行率高于吸烟（分别为 40.1%和 27.4%），而女性中吸烟的流行率高于嚼烟（分别为 5.5%和 3.8%）。吸烟和嚼烟使用均与年龄较大和教育程度较低有关。男性中，居住在城市地区的人更有可能消费任何形式的烟草。特赖/平原地区的居民更有可能使用嚼烟。按财富五分位数排列的累积烟草使用比例的集中曲线表明，在所有三个调查年份中，烟草使用在男性和女性中均属于社会经济地位最低的群体。我们发现，在 10 年期间，烟草吸烟呈下降趋势，而嚼烟使用呈上升趋势。然而，在此期间，年轻男性对这两种形式的烟草的消费都有所增加。为了遏制年轻男性中烟草使用负担的增加，应确保对遵守反烟草法指令的情况进行适当监测，还需要做出类似的努力，以维持尼泊尔其他人群中烟草使用的下降趋势。
