Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Pavillon Sciences Biologiques, SB-4615, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.
Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun;31(6):863-874. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01149-y. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
Aging is associated with declines in muscle mass, strength and quality, leading to physical impairments. An even protein distribution in daily meals has recently been proposed along with adequate total protein intake as important modulators of muscle mass. In addition, due to its short duration, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been highlighted as a promising intervention to prevent physical deterioration. However, the interaction between daily protein intake distribution and HIIT intervention in elderlies remain unknown.
To investigate muscle adaptation following HIIT in older adults according to daily protein intake distribution.
Thirty sedentary obese subjects who completed a 12-week elliptical HIIT program were matched [criteria: age (± 2 years), sex, BMI (± 2 kg/m)] and divided a posteriori into 2 groups according to the amount of protein ingested at each meal: < 20 g in at least one meal (P20-, n = 15, 66.8 ± 3.7 years) and ≥ 20 g in each meal (P20+, n = 15, 68.1 ± 4.1 years). Body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength, muscle power, physical activity level, and nutritional intakes were measured pre- and post-intervention. A two way repeated ANOVA was used to determine the effect of the intervention (HIIT) and protein distribution (P20- vs P20+, p < 0.05).
No difference was observed at baseline between groups. Following the HIIT intervention, we observed a significant decrease in waist and hip circumferences and improvements in functional capacities in both P20- and P20 + group (p < 0.05). However, no protein distribution effect was observed.
A 12-week HIIT program is achievable and efficient to improve functional capacities as well as body composition in obese older adults. However, consuming at least 20 g of proteins in every meal does not further enhance muscle performance in response to a 12-week HIIT intervention.
随着年龄的增长，肌肉质量、力量和功能会逐渐下降，导致身体机能下降。最近有研究提出，每天均衡分配蛋白质摄入量并保证充足的总蛋白质摄入量，可以作为调节肌肉质量的重要因素。此外，由于高强度间歇训练（HIIT）持续时间短，它已被证明是一种很有前途的干预措施，可以防止身体机能恶化。然而，老年人日常蛋白质摄入量分布与 HIIT 干预之间的相互作用尚不清楚。
根据日常蛋白质摄入量分布，研究 HIIT 对老年人肌肉的适应性。
30 名久坐肥胖的受试者完成了 12 周的椭圆 HIIT 训练计划，他们根据每餐摄入的蛋白质量进行了匹配[标准：年龄（±2 岁）、性别、BMI（±2kg/m2）]，并在后验分析中分为两组：至少有一餐摄入蛋白质<20g（P20-组，n=15，66.8±3.7 岁）和每餐摄入蛋白质≥20g（P20+组，n=15，68.1±4.1 岁）。在干预前后，分别测量了身体成分、功能能力、肌肉力量、肌肉功率、身体活动水平和营养摄入量。采用双因素重复方差分析来确定干预（HIIT）和蛋白质分布（P20-与 P20+，p<0.05）的效果。
两组在基线时没有差异。经过 HIIT 干预后，P20-和 P20+组的腰围和臀围均显著减小，功能能力也显著提高（p<0.05）。然而，没有观察到蛋白质分布的影响。
12 周的 HIIT 训练计划可实现且有效，可改善肥胖老年人的功能能力和身体成分。然而，在每餐前摄入至少 20g 蛋白质并不能进一步提高肌肉性能，以应对 12 周的 HIIT 干预。
