Initial Dietary Protein Intake Influence Muscle Function Adaptations in Older Men and Women Following High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Citrulline.

BACKGROUND

This study evaluates whether the initial amount of dietary protein intake could influence the combined effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and citrulline (CIT), or HIIT alone, on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacities in obese older adults.

METHODS

Seventy-three sedentary obese older men and women who completed a 12-week elliptical HIIT program with double-blinded randomized supplementation of CIT or placebo (PLA) were divided into four groups according to their initial protein intake (CIT-PROT+: = 21; CIT-PROT-: = 19; PLA-PROT+: = 19; PLA-PROT-: = 14). Body composition (fat and fat-free masses), handgrip (HSr) strength, knee extensor (KESr) strength, muscle power, and functional capacities were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention.

RESULTS

Following the intervention, the four groups improved significantly regarding all the parameters measured. For the same initial amount of protein intake, the CIT-PROT- group decreased more gynoid fat mass ( = 0.04) than the PLA-PROT- group. The CIT-PROT+ group increased more KESr ( = 0.04) than the PLA-PROT+ group. In addition, the CIT-PROT- group decreased more gynoid FM ( = 0.02) and improved more leg FFM ( = 0.02) and HSr ( = 0.02) than the CIT-PROT+ group.

CONCLUSION

HIIT combined with CIT induced greater positive changes than in the PLA groups. The combination seems more beneficial in participants consuming less than 1 g/kg/d of protein, since greater improvements on body composition and muscle strength were observed.