Hubert Violaine, Chauveau Fabien, Dumot Chloé, Ong Elodie, Berner Lise-Prune, Canet-Soulas Emmanuelle, Ghersi-Egea Jean-François, Wiart Marlène
Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, Oullins, France.
CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, BIORAN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2019 Feb 12;12:34. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00034. eCollection 2019.
The choroid plexuses (ChPs) perform indispensable functions for the development, maintenance and functioning of the brain. Although they have gained considerable interest in the last years, their involvement in brain disorders is still largely unknown, notably because their deep location inside the brain hampers non-invasive investigations. Imaging tools have become instrumental to the diagnosis and pathophysiological study of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the knowledge that has been gathered from the clinical imaging of ChPs in health and brain disorders not related to ChP pathologies. Results are discussed in the light of pre-clinical imaging studies. As seen in this review, to date, most clinical imaging studies of ChPs have used disease-free human subjects to demonstrate the value of different imaging biomarkers (ChP size, perfusion/permeability, glucose metabolism, inflammation), sometimes combined with the study of normal aging. Although very few studies have actually tested the value of ChP imaging biomarkers in patients with brain disorders, these pioneer studies identified ChP changes that are promising data for a better understanding and follow-up of diseases such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Imaging of immune cell trafficking at the ChPs has remained limited to pre-clinical studies so far but has the potential to be translated in patients for example using MRI coupled with the injection of iron oxide nanoparticles. Future investigations should aim at confirming and extending these findings and at developing translational molecular imaging tools for bridging the gap between basic molecular and cellular neuroscience and clinical research.
脉络丛对大脑的发育、维持和功能起着不可或缺的作用。尽管在过去几年中它们已引起了相当大的关注，但其在脑部疾病中的作用仍很大程度上未知，特别是因为它们位于脑内深处阻碍了非侵入性研究。成像工具已成为神经和神经精神疾病诊断及病理生理学研究的重要手段。本综述总结了从健康状态及与脉络丛病理无关的脑部疾病中脉络丛的临床成像所收集到的知识。结合临床前成像研究对结果进行了讨论。如本综述所见，迄今为止，大多数脉络丛的临床成像研究使用无疾病的人类受试者来证明不同成像生物标志物（脉络丛大小、灌注/通透性、葡萄糖代谢、炎症）的价值，有时还结合正常衰老的研究。尽管实际上很少有研究测试脉络丛成像生物标志物在脑部疾病患者中的价值，但这些开创性研究确定了脉络丛的变化，这些变化有望为更好地理解和随访精神分裂症、癫痫和阿尔茨海默病等疾病提供数据。到目前为止，脉络丛处免疫细胞运输的成像仍仅限于临床前研究，但有可能转化应用于患者，例如使用磁共振成像结合注射氧化铁纳米颗粒。未来的研究应旨在证实和扩展这些发现，并开发转化分子成像工具，以弥合基础分子和细胞神经科学与临床研究之间的差距。
