MRI coupled with clinically-applicable iron oxide nanoparticles reveals choroid plexus involvement in a murine model of neuroinflammation.

Choroid plexus (ChPs) are involved in the early inflammatory response that occurs in many brain disorders. However, the activation of immune cells within the ChPs in response to neuroinflammation is still largely unexplored in-vivo. There is therefore a crucial need for developing imaging tool that would allow the non-invasive monitoring of ChP involvement in these diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIO) is a minimally invasive technique allowing to track phagocytic cells in inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to investigate the potential of ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO)-enhanced MRI to monitor ChP involvement in-vivo in a mouse model of neuroinflammation obtained by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Using high resolution MRI, we identified marked USPIO-related signal drops in the ChPs of animals with neuroinflammation compared to controls. We confirmed these results quantitatively using a 4-points grading system. Ex-vivo analysis confirmed USPIO accumulation within the ChP stroma and their uptake by immune cells. We validated the translational potential of our approach using the clinically-applicable USPIO Ferumoxytol. MR imaging of USPIO accumulation within the ChPs may serve as an imaging biomarker to study ChP involvement in neuroinflammatory disorders that could be applied in a straightforward way in clinical practice.