Širca S, Urek G, Karssen G
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1001 Ljubjana, Slovenia.
Plant Protection Service, Geertjesweg 15, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Plant Dis. 2004 Jun;88(6):680. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.6.680C.
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead originally described from Tanzania is also distributed in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia (3). Although this species is a relatively unknown root-knot nematode, M. ethiopica parasitizes several economical important crops, such as tomato, cowpea, bean, cabbage, pepper, pumpkin, tobacco, lettuce, and soybean (4). This species can be morphologically confused with M. incognita (Kofoid & White), and therefore, is probably easily overlooked (1). Recently, characteristic esterase isozyme patterns were described for this species, which provide a more reliable identification (2). In October 2003, Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Belle plants with large root-galls were observed in a greenhouse at Dornberk, Slovenia, which were identified as an unknown root-knot nematode within the M. incognita group. Subsequent sampling revealed infestation of all tomato plants within this greenhouse with obvious aboveground symptoms of stunting and wilting. Additional morphological and isozyme studies identified this root-knot nematode as M. ethiopica. The identification was based on female, male, and second-stage juvenile morphology and malate dehydrogenase and esterase isozyme phenotypes from young egg-laying females isolated from 20 tomato plants and compared with a culture of M. ethiopica from Africa. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of M. ethiopica in Slovenia, but also the first report of this species in Europe. References: (1) A. M. Golden. Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 15:189, 1992. (2) W. Mandefro and K. Dagne. Afr. J. Plant Prot. 10:39, 2000. (3) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 31:263, 1968. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Nematologica 15:315, 1969.
最初在坦桑尼亚被描述的埃塞俄比亚根结线虫Meloidogyne ethiopica也分布于南非、津巴布韦和埃塞俄比亚（3）。尽管该物种是一种相对不太知名的根结线虫，但埃塞俄比亚根结线虫寄生于几种经济上重要的作物，如番茄、豇豆、菜豆、卷心菜、辣椒、南瓜、烟草、生菜和大豆（4）。该物种在形态上可能与南方根结线虫M. incognita（Kofoid & White）混淆，因此可能很容易被忽视（1）。最近，已描述了该物种的特征性酯酶同工酶模式，这提供了更可靠的鉴定方法（2）。2003年10月，在斯洛文尼亚多恩贝克的一个温室中观察到了带有大根瘤的栽培番茄Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Belle植株，这些植株被鉴定为南方根结线虫组内的一种未知根结线虫。随后的采样显示，该温室内所有番茄植株均受到侵染，地上部分出现明显的矮化和萎蔫症状。进一步的形态学和同工酶研究将这种根结线虫鉴定为埃塞俄比亚根结线虫。该鉴定基于从20株番茄植株上分离出的产卵雌虫的雌虫、雄虫和二龄幼虫形态以及苹果酸脱氢酶和酯酶同工酶表型，并与来自非洲的埃塞俄比亚根结线虫培养物进行了比较。据我们所知，这不仅是埃塞俄比亚根结线虫在斯洛文尼亚的首次报道，也是该物种在欧洲的首次报道。参考文献：（1）A. M. Golden。《基础与应用线虫学》15:189，1992。（2）W. Mandefro和K. Dagne。《非洲植物保护杂志》10:39，2000。（3）A. G. Whitehead。《伦敦动物学会学报》31:263，1968。（4）A. G. Whitehead。《线虫学》15:315，1969。
