Urek G, Širca S, Kox L, Karssen G
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1001 Ljubjana, Slovenia.
Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Plant Dis. 2003 Jan;87(1):100. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.100A.
The dagger nematode, Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, is a virus-transmitting plant-parasitic nematode described from France (2) and also reported from Germany, Portugal, and Spain. While this species is only known from a few local sites within Europe, it is widespread in North America and also present in Peru and Pakistan (3). X. rivesi is able to transmit at least four North American nepoviruses, including Cherry rasp leaf virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Tomato ringspot virus, and Peach rosette mosaic virus (1,4). In early spring 2002, nematodes of the X. americanum group were detected in soil samples taken near the roots of peach plants from an orchard in Bilje near Nova Gorica, Slovenia. Resampling in June and September at the same site and at an adjacent, approximately 30-year-old peach orchard confirmed the presence of the nematode in relatively high numbers (5 per 100 ml of soil). Adult females were isolated and sent for further identification to the Plant Protection Service in Wageningen, the Netherlands. The nematode was morphologically identified as X. rivesi and confirmed at the rDNA-level with internal transcribed spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Because both sampling sites where the nematode was found are close to the Vipava River in an area of extensive stone and pome fruit production, it is likely that the nematode is also present in other orchards in this region. The origin of this quarantine nematode is unknown as there is no direct link with Slovenian orchards and import of plant material from abroad in the last decades. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. rivesi in Slovenia and the fourth report of this species in Europe. References: (1) D. J. F. Brown et al. Phytopathology 84:646, 1994. (2) A. Dalmasso. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Nouv. Série A., Zool. 61:33, 1969. (3) Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests: Xiphinema americanum sensu lato. Page 629 in: Quarantine Pest for Europe, CABI, Wallingford, UK, 1997. (4) L. W. Stobbs et al. Plant Dis. 80:105, 1996.
剑线虫，里氏剑线虫（Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso），是一种传播病毒的植物寄生线虫，最初在法国被描述（2），在德国、葡萄牙和西班牙也有报道。虽然该物种在欧洲仅在少数局部地区被发现，但在北美广泛分布，在秘鲁和巴基斯坦也有出现（3）。里氏剑线虫能够传播至少四种北美线虫传多面体病毒，包括樱桃锉叶病毒、烟草环斑病毒、番茄环斑病毒和桃环斑花叶病毒（1,4）。2002年早春，在斯洛文尼亚新戈里察附近比尔耶的一个果园中，从桃树根部附近采集的土壤样本中检测到美洲剑线虫组的线虫。同年6月和9月在同一地点以及相邻的一个约30年树龄的桃园再次采样，证实该线虫数量相对较多（每100毫升土壤中有5条）。分离出成年雌虫并送往荷兰瓦赫宁根的植物保护服务中心进行进一步鉴定。该线虫在形态学上被鉴定为里氏剑线虫，并通过核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区限制性片段长度多态性分析在rDNA水平得到确认。由于发现该线虫的两个采样地点都靠近维帕瓦河，且该地区广泛种植核果类和仁果类果树，因此该线虫很可能也存在于该地区的其他果园中。这种检疫性线虫的来源不明，因为在过去几十年中，它与斯洛文尼亚的果园以及从国外进口的植物材料没有直接联系。据我们所知，这是里氏剑线虫在斯洛文尼亚的首次报道，也是该物种在欧洲的第四次报道。参考文献：（1）D. J. F. Brown等人，《植物病理学》84:646，1994年。（2）A. Dalmasso，《自然历史博物馆新系列A，动物学》61:33，1969年。（3）《检疫性有害生物资料表：广义美洲剑线虫》。载于《欧洲检疫性有害生物》，CABI，英国沃灵福德，第629页，1997年。（4）L. W. Stobbs等人，《植物病害》80:105，1996年。
