Zouhar M, Rysanek P, Tesarova B
Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Agriculture, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
Plant Dis. 2003 Jan;87(1):98. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.98B.
Meloidogyne hapla was detected in several commercial vegetable fields in the Province of Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Crops grown in the area of infestation include leek, onion, cauliflower, early potatoes, and carrot. During the past 2 to 3 years, growers have observed typical symptoms of Meloidogyne infection as stunting and galls on roots of carrot. Identification of the causal organism was based on microscopic observation of the perineal patterns of females obtained from root galls and polymerase chain reaction (1,2). Known isolates of M. chitwoodi, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. fallax from M. Phillips (SCRI, Dundee) and C. Zijlstra (PRI, Wageningen), and M. hapla from M. Liskova (PI, Kosice) were used as controls. M. hapla was identified in galled roots using both methods. Several fields with carrots were inspected in the area during vegetation in 2000 and 2001. In most fields, only isolated and limited outbreaks occurred, but recently, we observed a widespread and fairly homogeneous occurrence of root knot attributed to M. hapla in a 2-ha field. This nematode may become a more widespread and damaging pest, especially of carrot, in the Czech Republic. Other than carrot, vegetable crops grown in the area and tested in the greenhouse and field in soil highly infested by our isolates of M. hapla had no visible symptoms of infection. Therefore, exclusion of carrot cultivation or a longer crop rotation is recommended to minimize economic losses to growers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of M. hapla in the Czech Republic. References: (1) T. S. Harris et al. J. Nematol. 22:518, 1990. (2) C. Zijlstra et al. Genetics 85:1231, 1995.
在捷克共和国中波希米亚省的几个商业蔬菜田中检测到了北方根结线虫。受侵染地区种植的作物包括韭菜、洋葱、花椰菜、早熟马铃薯和胡萝卜。在过去两到三年里，种植者观察到了北方根结线虫感染的典型症状，如胡萝卜根部发育不良和出现虫瘿。致病生物的鉴定基于对从根瘿中获取的雌虫会阴花纹的显微镜观察以及聚合酶链反应（1,2）。使用了来自菲利普斯线虫收藏中心（苏格兰作物研究所，邓迪）的奇伍德根结线虫、南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫、花生根结线虫和法勒克斯根结线虫的已知分离株，以及来自齐尔斯特拉（植物研究所，瓦赫宁根）的上述线虫分离株，还有来自利斯科娃（植物保护研究所，科希策）的北方根结线虫分离株作为对照。两种方法均在虫瘿根中鉴定出了北方根结线虫。2000年和2001年植被生长期间，对该地区几个种植胡萝卜的田地进行了检查。在大多数田地中，仅出现了孤立且有限的爆发情况，但最近，我们在一块2公顷的田地中观察到了由北方根结线虫引起的根结广泛且相当均匀的发生情况。这种线虫可能会在捷克共和国成为一种分布更广、危害更大的害虫，尤其是对胡萝卜而言。除了胡萝卜外，在该地区种植并在温室和田间用我们分离的北方根结线虫高度侵染的土壤进行测试的蔬菜作物，没有明显的感染症状。因此，建议不种植胡萝卜或延长轮作期，以尽量减少种植者的经济损失。据我们所知，这是北方根结线虫在捷克共和国发生的首次报道。参考文献：（1）T. S. 哈里斯等人，《线虫学杂志》22:518，1990年。（2）C. 齐尔斯特拉等人；《遗传学》85:1231，1995年。
