Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Feb 22;19(4):936. doi: 10.3390/s19040936.
Two expanding areas of science and technology are citizen science and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Citizen science has a proven capability to generate reliable data and contribute to unexpected scientific discovery. It can put science into the hands of the citizens, increasing understanding, promoting environmental stewardship, and leading to the production of large databases for use in environmental monitoring. 3D printing has the potential to create cheap, bespoke scientific instruments that have formerly required dedicated facilities to assemble. It can put instrument manufacturing into the hands of any citizen who has access to a 3D printer. In this paper, we present a simple hand-held device designed to measure the Secchi depth and water colour (Forel Ule scale) of lake, estuarine and nearshore regions. The device is manufactured with marine resistant materials (mostly biodegradable) using a 3D printer and basic workshop tools. It is inexpensive to manufacture, lightweight, easy to use, and accessible to a wide range of users. It builds on a long tradition in optical limnology and oceanography, but is modified for ease of operation in smaller water bodies, and from small watercraft and platforms. We provide detailed instructions on how to build the device and highlight examples of its use for scientific education, citizen science, satellite validation of ocean colour data, and low-cost monitoring of water clarity, colour and temperature.
两个快速发展的科学技术领域是公民科学和三维（3D）打印。公民科学已经被证明有能力生成可靠的数据，并有助于意想不到的科学发现。它可以让科学走进民众，提高民众的理解能力，促进环境保护，并且可以为环境监测生成大型数据库。3D 打印有潜力制造出廉价的、定制的科学仪器，而这些仪器以前需要专门的设施来组装。它可以让任何有 3D 打印机的公民都有能力制造仪器。在本文中，我们介绍了一种简单的手持式设备，用于测量湖泊、河口和近岸地区的透明度和水色（福雷尔-乌莱比色标）。该设备采用耐海洋性材料（主要是可生物降解的）制造，使用 3D 打印机和基本的车间工具。它制造简单、重量轻、易于使用，并且可以被广泛的用户使用。它建立在光学湖泊学和海洋学的悠久传统基础上，但经过修改，便于在较小的水体中以及从小型船只和平台上操作。我们提供了详细的制造说明，并展示了该设备在科学教育、公民科学、海洋颜色数据的卫星验证以及低成本监测水的清晰度、颜色和温度方面的应用实例。
