Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nutrients. 2019 Feb 23;11(2):475. doi: 10.3390/nu11020475.
Being overweight increases the risk of the development of metabolic conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is itself an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is recommended for prevention of chronic disease, and is thought to reduce raised liver fat, yet there have been few randomized controlled trials with accurate measurement of liver fat. We assessed the effect of 12 weeks of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA from fish oil versus placebo on quantified liver fat, liver tests, and body composition including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty apparently healthy overweight men (BMI 25.0⁻29.9 kg/m²; waist > 94 cm) were randomly allocated to consume fish oil (total daily dose: 1728 mg marine triglycerides, of which 588 mg EPA and 412 mg DHA, combined with 200 mg antioxidant, coenzyme Q10) or placebo (olive oil capsules) daily for 12 weeks. Liver fat was assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and following 6 and 12 weeks of supplementation. Baseline liver fat was 4.6 ± 0.5% (range: 0.6 to 18.2%); 16 (32%) participants met the criteria for NAFLD (>5.5% liver fat). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant time or group × time effect for fish oil versus placebo for liver fat, liver enzymes, anthropometry, or body composition including VAT ( > 0.05 for all), with similar finding for sub-analysis of participants with NAFLD. Omega-3 PUFA did not appear to be an effective agent for reducing liver fat in overweight men. The factors determining the health benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on an individual level need to be clarified.
超重会增加代谢性疾病的风险，如非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），而 NAFLD 本身就是心血管疾病的独立预测因素。ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）补充剂被推荐用于预防慢性病，并且被认为可以减少肝脏脂肪，但很少有随机对照试验对肝脏脂肪进行准确测量。我们评估了在一项双盲随机对照试验中，12 周补充鱼油 ω-3 PUFA 与安慰剂相比对定量肝脂肪、肝试验和身体成分（包括内脏脂肪组织 [VAT]）的影响。50 名看似健康的超重男性（BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m²；腰围 > 94 cm）被随机分配每天服用鱼油（总日剂量：1728 mg 海洋甘油三酯，其中 588 mg EPA 和 412 mg DHA，与 200 mg 抗氧化剂辅酶 Q10 结合）或安慰剂（橄榄油胶囊），持续 12 周。使用质子磁共振波谱法评估肝脂肪。所有结果均在基线和补充 6 周和 12 周后进行评估。基线肝脂肪为 4.6±0.5%（范围：0.6-18.2%）；16（32%）名参与者符合 NAFLD 的标准（>5.5%的肝脂肪）。重复测量方差分析显示，鱼油与安慰剂相比，肝脂肪、肝酶、人体测量学或包括 VAT 在内的身体成分均无显著的时间或组×时间效应（所有 P>0.05），NAFLD 参与者的亚分析也得出了类似的结果。ω-3 PUFA 似乎不是超重男性减少肝脂肪的有效药物。需要阐明决定个体ω-3 PUFA 补充剂健康益处的因素。
