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自上而下和自下而上的皮层相互作用在适应自然场景统计中的作用。

The Role of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Cortical Interactions in Adaptation to Natural Scene Statistics.

机构信息

Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Faculty of Engineering, Computer Sciences and Psychology, Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.

出版信息

Front Neural Circuits. 2019 Feb 13;13:9. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00009. eCollection 2019.

DOI:10.3389/fncir.2019.00009
PMID:30814934
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6381060/
Abstract

Adaptation is a mechanism by which cortical neurons adjust their responses according to recently viewed stimuli. Visual information is processed in a circuit formed by feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) synaptic connections of neurons in different cortical layers. Here, the functional role of FF-FB streams and their synaptic dynamics in adaptation to natural stimuli is assessed in psychophysics and neural model. We propose a cortical model which predicts psychophysically observed motion adaptation aftereffects (MAE) after exposure to geometrically distorted natural image sequences. The model comprises direction selective neurons in V1 and MT connected by recurrent FF and FB dynamic synapses. Psychophysically plausible model MAEs were obtained from synaptic changes within neurons tuned to salient direction signals of the broadband natural input. It is conceived that, motion disambiguation by FF-FB interactions is critical to encode this salient information. Moreover, only FF-FB dynamic synapses operating at distinct rates predicted psychophysical MAEs at different adaptation time-scales which could not be accounted for by single rate dynamic synapses in either of the streams. Recurrent FF-FB pathways thereby play a role during adaptation in a natural environment, specifically in inducing multilevel cortical plasticity to salient information and in mediating adaptation at different time-scales.

摘要

适应是皮质神经元根据最近观察到的刺激调整其反应的一种机制。视觉信息在由不同皮质层神经元的前馈 (FF) 和反馈 (FB) 突触连接形成的回路中进行处理。在这里，在心理物理学和神经模型中评估了 FF-FB 流及其在适应自然刺激中的突触动力学的功能作用。我们提出了一个皮质模型，该模型可以预测在暴露于几何失真的自然图像序列后观察到的运动适应后效 (MAE)。该模型包括 V1 和 MT 中的方向选择性神经元，它们通过递归 FF 和 FB 动态突触连接。从对宽带自然输入的显著方向信号调谐的神经元内的突触变化中获得了心理物理学上合理的模型 MAE。可以设想，FF-FB 相互作用的运动去歧义对于编码这种显著信息至关重要。此外，只有以不同速率工作的 FF-FB 动态突触才能预测在不同适应时间尺度下的心理物理 MAE，而在这两个流中的任何一个流中的单速率动态突触都无法解释这些 MAE。因此，递归 FF-FB 通路在自然环境中的适应过程中发挥作用，特别是在诱导对显著信息的多层次皮质可塑性以及在不同时间尺度上进行适应方面。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/55a5434b2a0d/fncir-13-00009-g0010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/53518908da07/fncir-13-00009-g0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/4df615b87ad1/fncir-13-00009-g0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/fa5519ce0e64/fncir-13-00009-g0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/753a83d9ff3c/fncir-13-00009-g0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/c66015eb8818/fncir-13-00009-g0005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/d6c837b8f317/fncir-13-00009-g0006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/c2ecdc2326c1/fncir-13-00009-g0007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/41019071ae28/fncir-13-00009-g0008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/60633003f797/fncir-13-00009-g0009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/55a5434b2a0d/fncir-13-00009-g0010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/53518908da07/fncir-13-00009-g0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/4df615b87ad1/fncir-13-00009-g0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/fa5519ce0e64/fncir-13-00009-g0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/753a83d9ff3c/fncir-13-00009-g0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/c66015eb8818/fncir-13-00009-g0005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/d6c837b8f317/fncir-13-00009-g0006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/c2ecdc2326c1/fncir-13-00009-g0007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/41019071ae28/fncir-13-00009-g0008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/60633003f797/fncir-13-00009-g0009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/495d/6381060/55a5434b2a0d/fncir-13-00009-g0010.jpg

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