Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jun;224:93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.072. Epub 2019 Feb 16.
In their environments, aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to mixtures of several endocrine disrupting compounds, including hormones. However, most of the toxicity studies so far focused on effects of single contaminants. The available information on the potential toxicity of combined hormones on microalgae is extremely limited. For these reasons the aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and mixture effect of estrone (E1), ß-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), progesterone (PRO), 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one (PRE), levonorgestrel (LG) and testosterone (TST) on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. Green algae cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-100 mg L) of hormones for 14 days. Biomass in the form of dry weight and chlorophyll a was examined. The decreasing order of toxicity (based on EC, 14d) to Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus was: EE2>PRO > E2>PRE > TST > E3>LG > E1 and EE2>PRO > TST > E2>PRE > LG > E1>E3, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris was more sensitive to the effects of hormones than Scenedesmus armatus. Although mixed hormones were more toxic to green algae than single hormones, in the ecosystem mixtures can pose higher ecological risk than single pollutants. Therefore, data on the toxicology of both single and mixed hormones is very valuable for assessment of the possibility of adverse ecological effects caused by these pollutants. Furthermore, these results suggest that environmental exposure to hormone mixtures may cause toxicity levels different to the sum of those of the single hormones and provides a basic understanding of their toxic effect on algae.
在水生生物的环境中，它们同时会接触到包括激素在内的多种内分泌干扰化合物的混合物。然而，到目前为止，大多数毒性研究都集中在单一污染物的影响上。关于组合激素对微藻潜在毒性的可用信息极其有限。出于这些原因，本研究的目的是评估雌酮（E1）、β-雌二醇（E2）、雌三醇（E3）、17-α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）、孕酮（PRO）、5-孕烯-3β-醇-20-酮（PRE）、左炔诺孕酮（LG）和睾酮（TST）对小球藻和栅藻的单独和混合物效应。绿藻细胞暴露于不同浓度（0.1-100mg/L）的激素 14 天。以干重和叶绿素 a 的形式检查生物量。对小球藻和栅藻的毒性递减顺序（基于 EC，14d）为：EE2>PRO>E2>PRE>TST>E3>LG>E1 和 EE2>PRO>TST>E2>PRE>LG>E1>E3。小球藻对激素的影响比栅藻更为敏感。尽管混合激素对绿藻的毒性比单一激素更高，但在生态系统中，混合物比单一污染物可能造成更高的生态风险。因此，关于单一和混合激素的毒理学数据对于评估这些污染物可能造成的不利生态影响的可能性非常有价值。此外，这些结果表明，环境中激素混合物的暴露可能会导致毒性水平与单一激素的总和不同，并为它们对藻类的毒性作用提供了基本的了解。
