Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sci Adv. 2019 Feb 27;5(2):eaav5447. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5447. eCollection 2019 Feb.
The glymphatic system is responsible for brain-wide delivery of nutrients and clearance of waste via influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alongside perivascular spaces and through the brain. Glymphatic system activity increases during sleep or ketamine/xylazine (K/X) anesthesia, yet the mechanism(s) facilitating CSF influx are poorly understood. Here, we correlated influx of a CSF tracer into the brain with electroencephalogram (EEG) power, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate in wild-type mice under six different anesthesia regimens. We found that glymphatic CSF tracer influx was highest under K/X followed by isoflurane (ISO) supplemented with dexmedetomidine and pentobarbital. Mice anesthetized with α-chloralose, Avertin, or ISO exhibited low CSF tracer influx. This is the first study to show that glymphatic influx correlates positively with cortical delta power in EEG recordings and negatively with beta power and heart rate.
脑淋巴系统通过脑实质内的血管周围间隙和脑脊液(CSF)的共同流入来负责大脑范围内的营养物质输送和废物清除。脑淋巴系统的活动在睡眠或氯胺酮/二甲噻嗪(K/X)麻醉期间增加,但其促进 CSF 流入的机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们在六种不同的麻醉方案下,将 CSF 示踪剂流入大脑与脑电图(EEG)功率、心率、血压和呼吸率相关联,以研究野生型小鼠。我们发现,K/X 麻醉下的脑淋巴 CSF 示踪剂流入最高,其次是异丙酚(ISO)加右美托咪定和戊巴比妥。用α-氯醛糖、Avertin 或 ISO 麻醉的小鼠 CSF 示踪剂流入量低。这是第一项表明脑淋巴流入与 EEG 记录中的皮质 δ 功率呈正相关,与 β 功率和心率呈负相关的研究。