Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Feb 6;22(2):280-287. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz032.
Relative to non-waterpipe (WP) smokers, WP smokers are more than twice as likely to use alcohol and frequently consume alcohol before or during smoking sessions. Co-use of alcohol and WP may result in greater toxicant exposure compared to WP smoking alone. To date, no study systematically has investigated the impact of acute alcohol intoxication on WP smoking topography, exposure to tobacco-related toxicants, or abuse liability.
Dyads of current WP smokers and drinkers (N = 42; age = 21-32 years) completed two in-laboratory ad libitum smoking sessions (≤2 hours) following 12-hour nicotine abstinence in a double-blind, randomized crossover design in which they consumed a placebo versus active drink (sustained breath alcohol concentration = .08). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and plasma nicotine concentration were assessed. Questionnaires assessed smoking experience and smoking urge. Smoking topography was measured continuously throughout each smoking session.
The alcohol session was associated with increased inhaled volume, flow rate, and WP session duration compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, participants reported a more positive overall smoking experience following the alcohol session and greater smoking urges pre- and post-smoking session. Although both sessions resulted in significant increases in eCO and plasma nicotine, no significant differences emerged in eCO or nicotine exposure between the active and placebo sessions.
Co-use of alcohol and WP may contribute to the maintenance of WP smoking through enhanced smoking experiences, increased urge to smoke, and significant exposure to addictive nicotine. Regulations may be necessary to limit the sale of alcohol in WP smoking lounges and reduce exposure to secondhand smoke.
The findings suggest co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco likely maintain WP use and dependence by enhancing the smoking experience and increasing urges to smoke. These findings have implications for regulations aimed at limiting co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco in WP lounges and limiting exposure to secondhand smoke.
NCT03096860.
与非水烟（WP）吸烟者相比，WP 吸烟者使用酒精的可能性高出两倍以上，并且经常在吸烟前或吸烟期间饮酒。与单独使用 WP 相比，酒精和 WP 的共同使用可能会导致更大的有毒物质暴露。迄今为止，尚无研究系统地调查急性酒精中毒对 WP 吸烟特征、烟草相关有毒物质暴露或滥用倾向的影响。
在尼古丁戒断 12 小时后，42 对当前 WP 吸烟者和饮酒者（年龄 21-32 岁）在双盲、随机交叉设计中完成了两次不限量的实验室自主吸烟，他们分别饮用安慰剂或活性饮料（呼气中酒精浓度为.08）。评估呼出的一氧化碳（eCO）和血浆尼古丁浓度。问卷调查评估吸烟体验和吸烟冲动。在每个吸烟过程中连续测量吸烟特征。
与安慰剂相比，酒精组的吸入量、流速和 WP 吸烟时间延长。与安慰剂相比，参与者在酒精组后报告整体吸烟体验更积极，吸烟前和吸烟后吸烟冲动更强。尽管两个疗程都导致 eCO 和血浆尼古丁显著增加，但活性和安慰剂疗程之间在 eCO 或尼古丁暴露方面没有出现显著差异。
酒精和 WP 的共同使用可能通过增强吸烟体验、增加吸烟冲动和显著接触成瘾性尼古丁来维持 WP 吸烟。可能需要制定法规来限制 WP 吸烟休息室中酒精的销售，并减少二手烟的暴露。
这些发现表明，酒精和 WP 烟草的共同使用可能通过增强吸烟体验和增加吸烟冲动来维持 WP 使用和依赖。这些发现对旨在限制 WP 休息室中酒精和 WP 烟草共同使用以及限制二手烟暴露的法规具有影响。
NCT03096860。
