Cohn Amy M, Ehlke Sarah J, Cobb Caroline O, Soule Eric K
Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, USA.
Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA.
Addict Behav. 2017 May;68:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.12.012. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
Hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) has been increasing, particularly among young adults and has similar health effects compared to cigarette smoking. The link between HTS and poly-tobacco use is well documented, but fewer show an association between HTS and alcohol use. It is essential to identify factors that increase the risk for or addictiveness and consequences of HTS, given its growing prevalence. This study examined whether the association between HTS and poly-tobacco use differed as a function of age and alcohol consumption within in a sample of 1223 adult cigarette smokers. Approximately 20% of participants reported HTS. Compared to non-users, hookah users were more likely to be male, highly educated, and to report drug and alcohol use, binge drinking, and poly-tobacco use but were less likely to be heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day). Regression analyses predicting number of tobacco products used (excluding cigarettes and HTS) indicated a three-way interaction of HTS, frequency of alcohol use, and age such that the association between HTS and number of tobacco products used was strongest for younger respondents who consumed alcohol more frequently. As observed in previous studies, alcohol is an important risk factor in the relationship between HTS and poly-tobacco use, particularly among younger cigarette smokers. The links between alcohol, HTS, and poly-tobacco use should be considered when developing HTS education and prevention materials directed toward younger cigarette smokers. Findings provide information relevant to FDA's interest in the addiction potential of HTS and its link to poly-tobacco use.
水烟吸食（HTS）一直在增加，尤其是在年轻人中，并且与吸烟有着相似的健康影响。HTS与多种烟草使用之间的联系已有充分记录，但较少有研究表明HTS与饮酒之间存在关联。鉴于其日益普遍，识别增加HTS风险、成瘾性及后果的因素至关重要。本研究在1223名成年吸烟者样本中，考察了HTS与多种烟草使用之间的关联是否因年龄和饮酒量而异。约20%的参与者报告有HTS。与非使用者相比，水烟使用者更可能为男性、受过高等教育，且更可能报告使用毒品和酒精、暴饮以及多种烟草使用，但不太可能是重度吸烟者（每天≥10支香烟）。预测使用的烟草制品数量（不包括香烟和HTS）的回归分析表明，HTS、饮酒频率和年龄之间存在三方交互作用，即对于饮酒更频繁的年轻受访者，HTS与使用的烟草制品数量之间的关联最强。如先前研究中所观察到的，酒精是HTS与多种烟草使用关系中的一个重要风险因素，尤其是在年轻吸烟者中。在为年轻吸烟者开发HTS教育和预防材料时，应考虑酒精、HTS和多种烟草使用之间的联系。研究结果提供了与美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）对HTS成瘾潜力及其与多种烟草使用的联系的关注相关的信息。
