Marus Jessica Rae, Magee Matthew James, Manikonda Karunya, Nichols Megin C
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2019 Jun;66(4):370-376. doi: 10.1111/zph.12569. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
In the United States, multistate Salmonella outbreaks are most commonly linked to a food source; however, contact with live animals can also result in outbreaks of human illness. To characterize Salmonella outbreaks linked to animal contact and examine differences compared to foodborne outbreaks, we analysed data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) from 2009 to 2014 with a primary mode of transmission listed as "animal contact" or "food." Four hundred and eighty-four outbreaks with animal contact or foodborne transmission were reported through NORS; of these outbreaks, 99 (20.5%) resulted from Salmonella transmission through animal contact and 385 (79.5%) resulted from foodborne transmission, which resulted in 3,604 (19.8%) and 13,568 (80.2%) illnesses, respectively. A higher proportion of illnesses among children aged <1 year and children aged 1-4 years were linked to animal contact outbreaks compared to foodborne outbreaks (15.2% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.01 and 24.5% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.01, respectively). Illnesses resulting in hospitalizations (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.02) were more likely to be associated with animal contact compared to food. Animal contact outbreaks reported to NORS were more likely to be multistate compared to foodborne outbreaks (OR: 5.43, 95% CI: 3.37, 8.76) and had a longer median duration (99.0 days vs. 9.0 days, p < 0.01). Characterizing the differences between outbreaks of illness linked to animal contact and outbreaks linked to food provides useful information to investigators to improve public health response.
在美国，多州沙门氏菌疫情最常与食物来源相关；然而，接触活体动物也可能导致人类疾病的爆发。为了描述与动物接触相关的沙门氏菌疫情，并研究与食源性疫情相比的差异，我们分析了2009年至2014年通过国家疫情报告系统（NORS）向疾病控制和预防中心报告的数据，其主要传播方式列为“动物接触”或“食物”。通过NORS报告了484起与动物接触或食源性传播相关的疫情；在这些疫情中，99起（20.5%）是由沙门氏菌通过动物接触传播导致的，385起（79.5%）是由食源性传播导致的，分别导致了3604例（19.8%）和13568例（80.2%）疾病。与食源性疫情相比（分别为15.2%对1.4%，p<0.01和24.5%对5.6%，p<0.01），1岁以下儿童和1 - 4岁儿童中与动物接触疫情相关的疾病比例更高。与食物相比，导致住院的疾病（比值比：1.81，95%置信区间：1.62，2.02）更有可能与动物接触有关。与食源性疫情相比，向NORS报告的动物接触疫情更有可能是多州性的（比值比：5.43，95%置信区间：3.37，8.76），且中位数持续时间更长（99.0天对9.0天，p<0.01）。描述与动物接触相关的疾病疫情和与食物相关的疾病疫情之间的差异，为调查人员提供了有用信息，以改善公共卫生应对措施。
