University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, Pretoria, South Africa.
University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Pretoria, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 1;14(3):e0213058. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213058. eCollection 2019.
Low birth weight continues to be a main cause of child morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight can cause complications in adult life, and is therefore a public health concern. In this study, we determined the maternal factors that contribute to low birth weight (LBW) deliveries in Tshwane District, South Africa.
We conducted a case control study of 1073 randomly selected mothers who delivered babies in four hospitals in the district. We reviewed antenatal and maternity registers to obtain information about the mothers and their offspring. We fitted a multiple logistic regression to examine relationships between possible factors associated with LBW.
From the total sample of mothers (n = 1073), 77% (n = 824) were adult women, aged 20 to 35 years. Of the adult mothers, 38.54% (n = 412) delivered low birth weight (LBW) infants. The mean gestational age and weight of all infants at birth was 37.16 weeks (SD 2.92) and 2675.48 grams (SD 616.16) respectively. LBW was associated with prematurity, odds ratio (OR) 7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.18 to 9.89; premature rupture of membranes OR 7.33, 95% CI 2.43 to 22.12 and attending fewer than five antenatal care (ANC) visits OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.61. Male infants were less likely to be LBW, in this population.
Women who attended fewer than five ANC visits were predisposed to give birth to low birth weight babies. Mothers should be encouraged to attend ANC visits to detect adverse events like premature rupture of membranes and premature labour timeously.
低出生体重仍然是儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。低出生体重会导致成年后出现并发症，因此是一个公共卫生关注点。在这项研究中，我们确定了导致南非茨瓦内地区低出生体重（LBW）分娩的产妇因素。
我们对该地区四家医院的 1073 名随机选择的产妇进行了病例对照研究。我们查阅了产前和产妇登记册，以获取有关母亲及其子女的信息。我们拟合了多变量逻辑回归来检验与 LBW 相关的可能因素之间的关系。
在总样本（n = 1073）中，77%（n = 824）是 20 至 35 岁的成年女性。在成年母亲中，38.54%（n = 412）分娩了低出生体重（LBW）婴儿。所有婴儿出生时的平均胎龄和体重分别为 37.16 周（SD 2.92）和 2675.48 克（SD 616.16）。LBW 与早产相关，优势比（OR）为 7.15，95%置信区间（CI）为 5.18 至 9.89；胎膜早破的 OR 为 7.33，95%CI 为 2.43 至 22.12；产前检查（ANC）次数少于 5 次的 OR 为 1.30，95%CI 为 1.06 至 1.61。在该人群中，男性婴儿不太可能是 LBW。
ANC 就诊次数少于 5 次的女性更倾向于生出低出生体重的婴儿。应鼓励母亲定期进行 ANC 就诊，以尽早发现胎膜早破和早产等不良事件。
