Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Santander Industrial University, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
School of Engineering, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
Environ Pollut. 2019 May;248:380-387. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.028. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
We evaluated the short-term effect of mixtures of ambient air pollutants on respiratory and circulatory morbidity in four Colombian cities.
Daily Emergency Department (ED) visit records for respiratory and circulatory selected diagnosis and daily concentrations for six criteria air pollutant were obtained in four of the five major cities in Colombia: Bucaramanga, Bogota, Cali, and Medellin during 2011-2014. Using conditional Poisson time series analysis with fixed effects, we assessed the effect of air pollutants on health outcomes using single-pollutant, two-pollutant and specific mixtures-of-pollutant models controlling for meteorology and time trends. The percentages of change in the rate of ED visits and their 95% confidence interval were estimated for the joint effect of pollutants.
In single-pollutant models increases in gases concentrations were associated with increases in ED visits for respiratory and circulatory diseases. The two-pollutant models for respiratory diseases showed that the effect of NO alone (% change 2.86 95% CI 1.87-3.85) is higher than the joint effect of any of its combinations except for its combination with SO (% change 3.05 95%CI 1.04-5.05). The two-pollutant models for circulatory diseases showed synergistic effects between NO and PM (% change 2.13 95%CI 0.001-4.26). Specific mixtures models showed that the mixture of "traffic-related pollutants" has the higher joint effect on circulatory morbidity and respiratory morbidity.
The results show the dominant effect of NO in air pollution mixtures on respiratory and circulatory morbidity, and the synergistic effect of NO and SO in air pollution mixtures on respiratory morbidity.
我们评估了环境空气污染物混合物对哥伦比亚四个城市呼吸系统和循环系统发病率的短期影响。
在哥伦比亚五个主要城市中的四个城市（布卡拉曼加、波哥大、卡利和麦德林），我们在 2011-2014 年期间获得了每日急诊部（ED）就诊记录，记录了呼吸系统和循环系统选定诊断以及 6 种标准空气污染物的每日浓度。我们使用具有固定效应的条件泊松时间序列分析，在控制气象和时间趋势的情况下，使用单污染物、双污染物和特定污染物混合模型来评估空气污染物对健康结果的影响。我们估计了污染物联合作用下 ED 就诊率变化的百分比及其 95%置信区间。
在单污染物模型中，气体浓度的增加与呼吸系统和循环系统疾病的 ED 就诊率增加有关。呼吸系统疾病的双污染物模型表明，NO 单独的影响（变化百分比 2.86%，95%CI 1.87-3.85）高于其任何组合的联合效应，除了其与 SO 的组合（变化百分比 3.05%，95%CI 1.04-5.05）。循环系统疾病的双污染物模型表明，NO 和 PM 之间存在协同作用（变化百分比 2.13%，95%CI 0.001-4.26）。特定混合物模型表明，“与交通相关的污染物”混合物对循环系统发病率和呼吸系统发病率具有更高的联合效应。
结果表明，NO 在空气污染混合物中对呼吸系统和循环系统发病率的影响占主导地位，NO 和 SO 在空气污染混合物中对呼吸系统发病率的协同作用。
