Zhang Ying, Fan Lingling, Wang Shigong, Luo Huan
Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Toxics. 2024 Aug 8;12(8):578. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080578.
In recent years, PM and O have been the two main pollutants affecting public health in China, but the interaction of the two pollutants on human health remains unclear. A two-stage analytical approach was used to investigate the relationships of PM-O co-pollution with nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality levels across 14 cities in China. We first utilized a generalized additive model (GAM) to determine the city-specific associations of PM and O with daily mortality. The associations were then combined at the national and regional levels using meta-analysis. To investigate the potential interactions between the two pollutants and cause-specific mortality, we performed stratified analyses by co-pollutant exposure levels and the synergy index () ( > 1 indicates a synergistic interaction). The effect of changes in the two pollutants' concentrations (in 10 μg/m increases) on mortality was assessed. The stratification analysis results suggested that each 10 μg/m increase in PM at lag0-1 (lag01) in the low, moderate, and high strata of the O concentrations increased nonaccidental mortality by 0.07% (95% confidence interval: -0.03%, 0.17%), 0.33% (0.13%, 0.53%), and 0.68% (0.30%, 1.06%), respectively, with significant between-group differences ( < 0.001). Moreover, each 10 μg/m increase in O (lag01) in the low, moderate, and high strata of the PM concentrations increased nonaccidental mortality by 0.15% (-0.06%, 0.36%), 0.53% (0.19%, 0.87%), and 0.75% (0.14%, 1.36%), respectively, with significant between-group differences ( < 0.001). We also found substantial synergistic interactions between the two pollutants and nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality levels, with values of 1.48, 1.51, and 1.33, respectively. Additionally, a subgroup analysis revealed that the interaction of these two pollutants on nonaccidental mortality were greater in South China compared to elsewhere, and during the warm season compared to during the cold season. Our findings suggested that the simultaneous control of PM and O within the context of combined air pollution could significantly decrease the disease risk, especially in southern China and during the warm season.
近年来，颗粒物（PM）和臭氧（O）一直是影响中国公众健康的两大主要污染物，但这两种污染物对人类健康的相互作用仍不明确。本研究采用两阶段分析方法，调查中国14个城市中PM与O共同污染与非意外、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率之间的关系。我们首先使用广义相加模型（GAM）确定PM和O与每日死亡率的特定城市关联。然后，使用荟萃分析在国家和地区层面合并这些关联。为了研究这两种污染物与特定病因死亡率之间的潜在相互作用，我们按共同污染物暴露水平和协同指数（）进行分层分析（>1表示协同相互作用）。评估了两种污染物浓度变化（每增加10μg/m）对死亡率的影响。分层分析结果表明，在O浓度的低、中、高分层中，PM在滞后0-1（lag01）时每增加10μg/m，非意外死亡率分别增加0.07%（95%置信区间：-0.03%，0.17%）、0.33%（0.13%，0.53%）和0.68%（0.30%，1.06%），组间差异显著（<0.001）。此外，在PM浓度的低、中、高分层中，O（lag01）每增加10μg/m，非意外死亡率分别增加0.15%（-0.06%，0.36%）、0.53%（0.19%，0.87%）和0.75%（0.14%，1.36%），组间差异显著（<0.001）。我们还发现这两种污染物与非意外、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率水平之间存在显著的协同相互作用，协同指数值分别为1.48、1.51和1.33。此外，亚组分析显示，与其他地区相比，这两种污染物对中国南方非意外死亡率的相互作用更大，与寒冷季节相比，在温暖季节的相互作用更大。我们的研究结果表明，在空气污染综合背景下同时控制PM和O可显著降低疾病风险，尤其是在中国南方和温暖季节。
