Lopez-Escudero F J, Blanco-Lopez M A
Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Apdo. 4240, 14080 Córdoba; Spain.
Plant Dis. 2001 May;85(5):489-496. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.489.
Four soil solarization experiments were completed in three commercial olive orchards infested with Verticillium dahliae in southern Spain. Three of the experiments used lines of trees and one used individual plants. Plantations had different initial inoculum densities of the pathogen. Initial studies indicated that highly virulent (cotton-defoliating) isolates of the pathogen were present in Marinaleda (experiment I), which represents the first record of such isolates affecting olive trees in Europe. Solarization treatments were applied to lines of trees for either one (single) or two consecutive (double) years. Solarization significantly reduced pathogen populations in the top 20 cm of soil for at least 3 years in relation to control plots. Pathogen reduction after the single solarization obscured effects of the second solarization treatment. Decrease of inoculum density in soil by solarization did not correspond to a similar reduction in disease severity. Disease severity was reduced only in orchards with medium or high initial inoculum densities. A second soil solarization treatment did not improve the effect of single solarization on Verticillium wilt control. In orchards with low inoculum densities, soil solarization did not result in significant differences in disease incidence and severity, but improved recovery of trees from the disease. Soil-solarized plots remained free of weeds, but tress in solarized plots did not show significant growth increase measured by trunk perimeter.
在西班牙南部三个感染大丽轮枝菌的商业橄榄园中完成了四项土壤太阳能消毒试验。其中三项试验使用了成行的树木，一项试验使用了单株植物。种植园的病原菌初始接种密度不同。初步研究表明，在马里纳莱达（试验I）存在高毒力（使棉花落叶）的病原菌分离株，这是此类分离株影响欧洲橄榄树的首次记录。太阳能消毒处理对成行的树木连续进行了一年（单次）或两年（两次）。与对照地块相比，太阳能消毒显著降低了土壤表层20厘米内的病原菌数量，且至少持续3年。单次太阳能消毒后病原菌数量的减少掩盖了第二次太阳能消毒处理的效果。太阳能消毒使土壤中接种密度降低，但并未使病情严重程度相应降低。只有在初始接种密度为中等或高的果园中，病情严重程度才有所降低。第二次土壤太阳能消毒处理并未提高单次太阳能消毒对防治黄萎病的效果。在接种密度低的果园中，土壤太阳能消毒并未使发病率和病情严重程度出现显著差异，但改善了树木从病害中的恢复情况。经土壤太阳能消毒的地块没有杂草，但经太阳能消毒地块的树木，以树干周长衡量，未显示出显著的生长增加。
