López-Herrera C J, Pérez-Jiménez R M, Zea-Bonilla T, Basallote-Ureba M J, Melero-Vara J M
Estación Experimental La Mayora, C.S.I.C., 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria, 29140, Churriana, Málaga, Spain.
Plant Dis. 1998 Oct;82(10):1088-1092. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.10.1088.
Four field experiments on the control of Dematophora necatrix in avocado orchards affected by white root rot were conducted in the Mediterranean coastal area of southern Spain during 1991 to 1994. In the unshaded locations of solarized plots, the maximal temperatures were 35 to 42°C, depending upon the year and soil depth (15 to 60 cm). Temperature increases attributable to soil solarization ranged between 4 and 8°C in unshaded areas, whereas for shaded areas they were approximately 4°C. Inoculum recovery was decreased in root samples buried at 15 to 30 cm in unshaded locations of both solarized and unsolarized plots after 3 to 5 weeks, whereas 4 to 8 weeks of solarization were required for the elimination of the pathogen buried at depths of 45 to 60 cm. In contrast, inoculum recovery ranged from 30 to 60% for samples in shaded locations of unsolarized plots. D. necatrix was not recovered from roots of infected trees in solarized plots sampled 9 months after solarization, whereas recovery from roots in unsolarized plots was similar to levels before solarization. Soil solarization in established orchards was successful in reducing viability of inoculum buried in soil and eliminated inoculum in infected roots of live trees.
1991年至1994年期间，在西班牙南部地中海沿岸地区，针对受白根腐病影响的鳄梨果园开展了四项防治恶疫霉的田间试验。在进行土壤太阳能消毒处理地块的无遮荫区域，最高温度为35至42°C，具体取决于年份和土壤深度（15至60厘米）。在无遮荫区域，土壤太阳能消毒导致的温度升高幅度在4至8°C之间，而在遮荫区域约为4°C。在太阳能消毒处理地块和未处理地块的无遮荫区域，埋于15至30厘米深处的根样在3至5周后接种体回收率降低，而对于埋于45至60厘米深处的病原体，则需要4至8周的太阳能消毒处理才能将其消除。相比之下，在未进行太阳能消毒处理地块的遮荫区域，根样的接种体回收率在30%至60%之间。在太阳能消毒处理9个月后采集的太阳能消毒处理地块中，未从受感染树木的根部检测到恶疫霉，而未进行太阳能消毒处理地块根部的恶疫霉回收率与消毒处理前的水平相似。在已建果园中进行土壤太阳能消毒处理，成功降低了埋于土壤中的接种体活力，并消除了活树受感染根部的接种体。
