van Niekerk B D, Pretorius Z A, Boshoff W H P
Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
Plant Dis. 2001 Oct;85(10):1085-1090. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.10.1085.
Although crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae) are generally considered to be the most widespread and damaging diseases of oat (Avena spp.) in South Africa, pathogenic variability has never been studied. During 1997 and 1998, one dominant crown rust pathotype (SBLL) was identified with virulence to resistance genes Pc40, Pc45, Pc46, Pc51, and Pc54. Four other pathotypes (SGLL, PBBB+Pc35, SDQL, and JBBM+Pc35), occurring at low frequencies and further rendering resistance genes Pc35, Pc39, Pc48, Pc50, Pc52, and Pc64 ineffective, were also detected. Resistance gene Pc40 was postulated in Wisconsin X1588-2; Pc51 in Euro, Maluti, Overberg, OX88I 075-106, Perdeberg, and Swartberg; and Pc39 was confirmed in the cultivar Fidler. During the same period, four stem rust pathotypes were identified with virulence to resistance genes Pg1, Pg2, Pg4, Pg8, Pg9, Pg12,Pg15, and Pga. Resistance gene Pga was postulated in Alpha, OX87 080-1, OX88I 075-106, Sederberg, and W94/4; Pg2 and/or Pg4 in Euro, Perdeberg, Potberg, and Swartberg; and Pg9 in Pallinup and Victorian. Collections of wild oat species Avena fatua, A. byzantina, A. sterilis, and A. barbata were susceptible to all crown rust patho-types, while the four stem rust pathotypes were virulent on all species except A. barbata.
尽管冠锈病（由燕麦冠柄锈菌引起）和秆锈病（由燕麦柄锈菌引起）通常被认为是南非燕麦（燕麦属）最广泛且具破坏性的病害，但从未对其致病性变异进行过研究。在1997年和1998年期间，鉴定出一种对抗性基因Pc40、Pc45、Pc46、Pc51和Pc54具有毒力的优势冠锈病致病型（SBLL）。还检测到其他四种致病型（SGLL、PBBB + Pc35、SDQL和JBBM + Pc35），它们出现频率较低，且使抗性基因Pc35、Pc39、Pc48、Pc50、Pc52和Pc64失效。抗性基因Pc40在威斯康星X1588 - 2中被推测存在；Pc51在欧洲品种、马鲁蒂、奥弗贝格、OX88I 075 - 106、佩德贝格和斯瓦特贝格中被推测存在；抗性基因Pc39在品种菲德勒中得到证实。在同一时期，鉴定出四种对抗性基因Pg1、Pg2、Pg4、Pg8、Pg9、Pg12、Pg15和Pga具有毒力的秆锈病致病型。抗性基因Pga在阿尔法、OX87 080 - 1、OX88I 075 - 106、塞德贝格和W94/4中被推测存在；Pg2和/或Pg4在欧洲品种、佩德贝格、波特贝格和斯瓦特贝格中被推测存在；Pg9在帕林努普和维多利亚品种中被推测存在。野生燕麦物种野燕麦、拜占庭燕麦、不育燕麦和具髯燕麦的收集品对所有冠锈病致病型均敏感，而四种秆锈病致病型对除具髯燕麦外的所有物种均具毒力。
