Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Feb;145(2):663. doi: 10.1121/1.5087817.
This paper investigates singing interaction by analysis of the factors influencing pitch accuracy of unaccompanied pairs of singers. Eight pairs of singers sang two excerpts either in unison or two-part harmony. The experimental condition varied which singers could hear singing partners. After semi-automatic pitch-tracking and manual checking, this paper calculated the pitch error (PE) and interval error and tested the factors of influence using a one-way analysis of variance and a linear mixed-effects model. The results indicate that: (1) singing with the same vocal part is more accurate than singing with a different vocal part; (2) singing solo has less pPE than singing with a partner; (3) PEs are correlated, as singers adjust pitch to mitigate a partner's error and preserve harmonic intervals at the expense of melodic intervals and absolute pitch; (4) other factors influence the pitch accuracy, including: score pitch, score harmonic interval, score melodic interval, musical background, vocal part, and individual differences.
本文通过分析影响无伴奏合唱中演唱者音准的因素来研究演唱互动。八对演唱者分别以齐唱和二部合唱的形式演唱了两段选段。实验条件为演唱者可听或不可听演唱伙伴的声音。经过半自动音高跟踪和手动检查后，本文计算了音高误差 (PE) 和音程误差，并使用单向方差分析和线性混合效应模型测试了影响因素。结果表明：(1)同声部演唱比不同声部演唱更准确；(2)独唱时的 pPE 比与伙伴一起演唱时少；(3)PE 是相关的，因为演唱者会调整音高以减轻伙伴的错误，并在牺牲旋律音程和绝对音高的情况下保持和声音程；(4)其他因素，包括乐谱音高、乐谱和声音程、乐谱旋律音程、音乐背景、声部和个体差异，也会影响音准。
