State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jun 15;174:208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.058. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) enter into environmental metric via various pathways in the process of manufacturing and consuming the products containing PFASs. Yuqiao reservoir (YQR) is a major drinking water source in Tianjin of China, where little attention was given to PFASs. To explore the occurrence, source and risk of 17 PFASs, multi-media environmental including soil, water, and sediment were sampled from this water source area. The ∑PFASs concentrations of surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment ranged from 5.839 to 120.885 ng/L, 1.426 to 17.138 ng/L, 0.622 to 5.089 μg/kg dw, and 0.240 to 1.210 μg/kg dw respectively. Some short-chained (C4-C8) PFASs were detected widely such as PFOA, PFBA, PFHxA, PFBS, PFHpA and PFPeA in surface water and groundwater, with the detection frequency of ＞78%, and PFBA and PFOA dominated in the 17 PFASs. In addition, the correlations between total PFASs and TOC were significant at 0.05 level, especially in surface water with R = 0.9165 (p = 0.011). In terms of vertical distribution characteristics of ∑PFASs, the ∑PFASs in four sediment cores showed a decreasing trend at first, and then an increasing trend from the bottom to the top associated with TOC. PFBA/PFOA and PFHpA/PFOA showed better linear correlations with R of 0.5541 (p = 0.039), and for PFNA/PFOA and PFHpA/PFOA with R of 0.6312 (p = 0.032) at the 0.05 level in the surface water, which indicated that sewage and atmospheric precipitation were the major sources. Though the RQ results based on the measured concentrations and reference values in environmental media revealed lower risks, the potential hazard may occur due to accumulation characteristics and long-distance transmission capability of PFASs. Hence, the corresponding management strategies should be taken, such as control over emission at source, product substitution and strengthening legislation, to eliminate potential risks to human health.
多氟烷基物质 (PFASs) 在制造和使用含有 PFASs 的产品的过程中，通过多种途径进入环境。于桥水库 (YQR) 是中国天津的主要饮用水水源地，但对 PFASs 关注甚少。为了探究 17 种 PFASs 的赋存、来源和风险，本研究从该水源地采集了包括土壤、水和沉积物在内的多介质环境样本。地表水、地下水、土壤和沉积物中∑PFASs 的浓度范围分别为 5.839-120.885ng/L、1.426-17.138ng/L、0.622-5.089μg/kg dw 和 0.240-1.210μg/kg dw。一些短链 (C4-C8) 的 PFASs 如 PFOA、PFBA、PFHxA、PFBS、PFHpA 和 PFPeA 在地表水和地下水中广泛检出，检出率＞78%，其中 PFBA 和 PFOA 占主导地位。此外，在地表水和地下水样品中，总 PFASs 与 TOC 之间存在显著的相关性（在 0.05 水平上），尤其在地表水，相关系数 R 高达 0.9165（p=0.011）。就∑PFASs 的垂直分布特征而言，4 个沉积物柱芯中的∑PFASs 呈现出先降低后升高的趋势，与 TOC 有关。PFBA/PFOA 和 PFHpA/PFOA 具有较好的线性相关性，相关系数 R 为 0.5541（p=0.039），在地表水样品中，PFNA/PFOA 和 PFHpA/PFOA 的相关系数 R 为 0.6312（p=0.032），表明污水和大气降水是主要来源。尽管基于环境介质中实测浓度和参考值的 RQ 结果表明风险较低，但由于 PFASs 的积累特性和远距离传输能力，仍可能存在潜在危害。因此，应采取相应的管理策略，如源头排放控制、产品替代和加强立法，以消除对人类健康的潜在风险。
