Matsumoto Seiji, Beeson W Lawrence, Shavlik David J, Siapco Gina, Jaceldo-Siegl Karen, Fraser Gary, Knutsen Synnove F
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
Adventist Health Study-2, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2019 Feb 21;8:e6. doi: 10.1017/jns.2019.1. eCollection 2019.
The association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among non-Hispanic whites has not been fully studied. Data from 650 non-Hispanic white adults who participated in one of two clinical sub-studies (about 2 years after the baseline) of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) were analysed. Four dietary patters were identified using a validated 204-item semi-quantitative FFQ completed at enrolment into AHS-2: vegans (8·3 %), lacto-ovo-vegetarians (44·3 %), pesco-vegetarians (10·6 %) and non-vegetarians (NV) (37·3 %). Dietary pattern-specific prevalence ratios (PR) of CVD risk factors were assessed adjusting for confounders with or without BMI as an additional covariable. The adjusted PR for hypertension, high total cholesterol and high LDL-cholesterol were lower in all three vegetarian groups. Among the lacto-ovo-vegetarians the PR were 0·57 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·73), 0·72 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·88) and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·89), respectively, which remained significant after additionally adjusting for BMI. The vegans and the pesco-vegetarians had similar PR for hypertension at 0·46 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·83) and 0·62 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·91), respectively, but estimates were attenuated and marginally significant after adjustment for BMI. Compared with NV, the PR of obesity and abdominal adiposity, as well as other CVD risk factors, were significantly lower among the vegetarian groups. Similar results were found when limiting analyses to participants not being treated for CVD risk factors, with the vegans having the lowest mean BMI and waist circumference. Thus, compared with the diet of NV, vegetarian diets were associated with significantly lower levels of CVD risk factors among the non-Hispanic whites.
非西班牙裔白人的饮食模式与心血管疾病风险因素之间的关联尚未得到充分研究。对参加基督复临安息日会健康研究2（AHS - 2）两项临床子研究之一（基线后约2年）的650名非西班牙裔白人成年人的数据进行了分析。在AHS - 2入组时通过一份经验证的包含204个条目的半定量食物频率问卷确定了四种饮食模式：纯素食者（8.3%）、蛋奶素食者（44.3%）、鱼素者（10.6%）和非素食者（NV）（37.3%）。评估了心血管疾病风险因素的饮食模式特异性患病率比（PR），并对混杂因素进行了调整，调整时将BMI作为额外协变量或不将其作为额外协变量。在所有三个素食组中，高血压、高总胆固醇和高LDL - 胆固醇的调整后PR较低。在蛋奶素食者中，PR分别为0.57（95%CI 0.45, 0.73）、0.72（95%CI 0.59, 0.88）和0.72（95%CI 0.58, 0.89），在额外调整BMI后仍具有显著性。纯素食者和鱼素者的高血压PR相似，分别为0.46（95%CI 0.25, 0.83）和0.62（95%CI 0.42, 0.91），但在调整BMI后估计值减弱且接近显著性。与非素食者相比，素食组中肥胖和腹部肥胖以及其他心血管疾病风险因素的PR显著较低。当将分析限制在未因心血管疾病风险因素接受治疗的参与者中时，发现了类似的结果，纯素食者的平均BMI和腰围最低。因此，与非素食者的饮食相比，素食与非西班牙裔白人中显著较低水平的心血管疾病风险因素相关。
