美国大学生橄榄球运动员颈椎损伤的流行病学研究。
Epidemiology of Cervical Injuries in NCAA Football Players.
机构信息
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.
出版信息
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Jun 15;44(12):848-854. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003008.
STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of cervical spine injuries in collegiate football players.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The incidence and etiology of cervical spine injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players has not been well defined in recent years.
METHODS
The incidence and characteristics of cervical spine injuries were identified utilizing the NCAA-ISP database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in one NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition.
RESULTS
An estimated 7496 cervical spine injuries were identified. Of these, 85.6% were categorized as new injuries. These occurred at a rate of 2.91 per 10000 AEs. Stingers were most common (1.87 per 10000 AEs) followed by cervical strains (0.80 per 10000 AEs). Injuries were nine times more likely to occur during competition when compared with practice settings. When compared with the regular season, the relative risks of sustaining a cervical spine injury during the preseason and postseason were 0.69 (95% CI 0.52-0.90) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.16-0.94), respectively. The rate of cervical spine injuries was highest in Division I athletes. Direct contact-related injuries were most common, representing 90.8% of all injuries sustained. Injuries were most common in linebackers (20.3%) followed secondarily by defensive linemen (18.2%). Most players returned to play within 24 hours of the initial injury (64.4%), while only 2.8% remained out of play for > 21 days.
CONCLUSION
Fortunately, the rate of significant and disabling cervical spine injuries appears to be low in the NCAA football athlete. The promotion of safer tackling techniques, appropriate modification of protective gear, and preventive rehabilitation in these aforementioned settings is of continued value.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
研究设计
描述性流行病学研究。
目的
本研究旨在描述大学生足球运动员颈椎损伤的流行病学。
背景资料概要
近年来，美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）足球运动员颈椎损伤的发生率和病因尚未得到很好的定义。
方法
利用 NCAA-ISP 数据库确定颈椎损伤的发生率和特征。损伤发生率按损伤人数除以运动员暴露（AE）总数计算。AE 定义为任何学生参加 NCAA 认可的一次练习或比赛。
结果
估计有 7496 例颈椎损伤。其中，85.6%为新发损伤。发生率为每 10000 次 AE 2.91 次。刺痛最为常见（每 10000 次 AE 1.87 次），其次是颈椎劳损（每 10000 次 AE 0.80 次）。与练习相比，比赛中受伤的可能性高 9 倍。与常规赛相比，季前赛和季后赛中发生颈椎损伤的相对风险分别为 0.69（95%CI 0.52-0.90）和 0.39（95%CI 0.16-0.94）。一级运动员颈椎损伤发生率最高。直接接触相关损伤最为常见，占所有损伤的 90.8%。损伤最常见于线卫（20.3%），其次是防守前锋（18.2%）。大多数运动员在受伤后 24 小时内重返赛场（64.4%），而只有 2.8%的运动员因伤缺阵超过 21 天。
结论
幸运的是，NCAA 足球运动员发生严重和致残性颈椎损伤的比率似乎较低。在这些情况下，继续推广更安全的擒抱技术、适当调整防护装备以及进行预防性康复治疗具有重要价值。
证据水平
4 级。
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