Houck Zachary, Asken Breton, Bauer Russell, Pothast Jason, Michaudet Charlie, Clugston James
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2016 Sep;44(9):2269-75. doi: 10.1177/0363546516645070. Epub 2016 May 3.
Concussions are common in football, and knowledge of their incidence rates across settings is needed to develop strategies to decrease occurrence.
To examine sports-related concussion rates in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision sample based on the activity setting where injuries occurred, during which type of play, and when relative to the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Medical records from January 2006 to January 2015 for an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision program were analyzed. Concussion rates (per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) were compared among the following settings: spring practice, preseason training camp, regular season high-contact practice, regular season low-contact practice, bowl game practice, and game competition. Play-type analyses examined incidence rates during offensive, defensive, and special teams plays. Changes in concussion rate coinciding with the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy were also studied.
Of the 452 unique players on the roster during the 9-year study period, 118 (26.1%) were diagnosed with a concussion. The concussion rate during games was significantly higher than all practices combined (P < .001). However, when game rate (4.46 per 1000 AEs) was compared with preseason training camp alone (3.81 per 1000 AEs), there was no significant difference (P = .433). The concussion rate during special teams plays was significantly higher than that during offensive (P < .001) or defensive plays (P < .001). The concussion rate in the 4 seasons (2010-2014) after the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy was initiated was significantly higher than the 4 seasons (2006-2009) preceding the policy (P = .036).
Study results show that (1) based on activity type, games and preseason training camp present the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; (2) based on play type, special teams plays pose the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; and (3) the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy coincided with a significant increase in recognition of concussion.
脑震荡在橄榄球运动中很常见，需要了解其在不同场景下的发生率，以便制定减少其发生的策略。
基于受伤发生的活动场景、比赛类型以及与2010年美国大学体育协会（NCAA）脑震荡管理政策的时间关系，研究美国大学体育协会第一分区橄榄球碗赛分组样本中与运动相关的脑震荡发生率。
描述性流行病学研究。
分析了2006年1月至2015年1月期间一个美国大学体育协会第一分区橄榄球碗赛分组项目的医疗记录。比较了以下场景下的脑震荡发生率（每1000运动员暴露次数[AEs]）：春季训练、季前训练营、常规赛高对抗训练、常规赛低对抗训练、碗赛训练和比赛。比赛类型分析考察了进攻、防守和特殊球队比赛期间的发生率。还研究了与2010年美国大学体育协会脑震荡管理政策相符的脑震荡发生率变化。
在9年研究期间，名单上的452名独特球员中，118人（26.1%）被诊断为脑震荡。比赛期间的脑震荡发生率显著高于所有训练的总和（P < .001）。然而，当将比赛发生率（每1000 AEs为4.46）与仅季前训练营发生率（每1000 AEs为3.81）进行比较时，没有显著差异（P = .433）。特殊球队比赛期间的脑震荡发生率显著高于进攻（P < .001）或防守比赛期间（P < .001）。2010年美国大学体育协会脑震荡管理政策实施后的4个赛季（2010 - 2014年）的脑震荡发生率显著高于该政策实施前的4个赛季（2006 - 2009年）（P = .036）。
研究结果表明：（1）基于活动类型，比赛和季前训练营发生脑震荡的风险最大；（2）基于比赛类型，特殊球队比赛发生脑震荡的风险最大；（3）2010年美国大学体育协会脑震荡管理政策与脑震荡识别率的显著提高相符。
