Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Program of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2019 Apr;17(2):59-69. doi: 10.1007/s11914-019-00506-0.
Proper cartilage development is critical to bone formation during endochondral ossification. This review highlights the current understanding of various aspects of glucose metabolism in chondrocytes during cartilage development.
Recent studies indicate that chondrocytes transdifferentiate into osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during endochondral ossification. In cartilage development, signaling molecules, including IGF2 and BMP2, tightly control glucose uptake and utilization in a stage-specific manner. Perturbation of glucose metabolism alters the course of chondrocyte maturation, suggesting a key role for glucose metabolism during endochondral ossification. During prenatal and postnatal growth, chondrocytes experience bursts of nutrient availability and energy expenditure, which demand sophisticated control of the glucose-dependent processes of cartilage matrix production, cell proliferation, and hypertrophy. Investigating the regulation of glucose metabolism may therefore lead to a unifying mechanism for signaling events in cartilage development and provide insight into causes of skeletal growth abnormalities.
恰当的软骨发育对于软骨内成骨过程中的骨形成至关重要。本文重点介绍了目前对软骨发育过程中软骨细胞葡萄糖代谢各个方面的理解。
最近的研究表明，在软骨内成骨过程中，软骨细胞向成骨细胞和骨髓基质细胞转分化。在软骨发育过程中，包括 IGF2 和 BMP2 在内的信号分子以阶段特异性的方式严格控制葡萄糖的摄取和利用。葡萄糖代谢的紊乱改变了软骨细胞成熟的过程，提示葡萄糖代谢在软骨内成骨过程中起关键作用。在胎儿期和出生后生长期间，软骨细胞经历营养物质可用性和能量消耗的爆发，这需要对软骨基质产生、细胞增殖和肥大等葡萄糖依赖过程进行复杂的控制。因此，研究葡萄糖代谢的调节可能会为软骨发育中的信号事件提供一个统一的机制，并深入了解骨骼生长异常的原因。
