Pietras Tadeusz, Witusik Andrzej, Mokros Łukasz, Sipowicz Kasper
Department of Clinical Pharmacology of the 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Piotrkow Trybunalski Branch, Poland.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2019 Feb 28;46(272):94-97.
Psychiatry is a medical discipline that uses to the equal extent biological sciences as well as humanities and social sciences. Among specialists, the division into the so-called humanistic and biological psychiatrists is still maintained. The paper is an attempt of a paradigmatic approach to contemporary clinical and theoretical psychiatry.The humanistic paradigm of psychiatry presumes that every psychological and behavioral disorder is a social construct. It depends on culture whether the specific phenomenon is classified as a norm or a pathology. In the biological world, we have only certain phenomena, and their pathologization and depathologization are a product of culture.The neurocognitive paradigm of psychiatry assumes that the functioning of the brain is responsible for the development of mental disorders. Such disorders may be neurodevelopmental, functional or neurodegenerative in nature. In addition, psychopathology, although it derives from tradition, benefits nowadays from the apparatus of conceptual cognitive psychology and cognitive science. Our attempt to systematize the paradigmatic fundamentals of psychiatry is the first attempt at systematization of the foundations of modern psychiatry with an indication of its distinctiveness from other medical sciences.
精神病学是一门同等程度地运用生物科学以及人文和社会科学的医学学科。在专家中，所谓人文主义精神病学家和生物精神病学家的划分仍然存在。本文试图对当代临床和理论精神病学采用一种范式方法。
精神病学的人文主义范式假定，每一种心理和行为障碍都是一种社会建构。特定现象被归类为规范还是病理，取决于文化。在生物世界中，我们只有某些现象，而它们的病理化和非病理化是文化的产物。
精神病学的神经认知范式假定，大脑的功能是精神障碍发展的原因。此类障碍在本质上可能是神经发育性、功能性或神经退行性的。此外，精神病理学虽然源于传统，但如今受益于概念认知心理学和认知科学的工具。我们对精神病学范式基础进行系统化的尝试，是首次对现代精神病学基础进行系统化，并指出其与其他医学科学的不同之处。
