Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Environ Pollut. 2019 May;248:565-573. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.037. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Coastal habitats, in particular sandy beaches, are becoming increasingly exposed to artificial light pollution at night (ALAN). Yet, only a few studies have this far assessed the effects of ALAN on the species inhabiting these ecosystems. In this study we assessed the effects of ALAN on Tylos spinulosus, a prominent wrack-consumer isopod living in sandy beaches of north-central Chile. This species burrows in the sand during daylight and emerges at night to migrate down-shore, so we argue it can be used as a model species for the study of ALAN effects on coastal nocturnal species. We assessed whether ALAN alters the distribution and locomotor activity of this isopod using a light system placed in upper shore sediments close to the edge of the dunes, mimicking light intensities measured near public lighting. The response of the isopods was compared to control transects located farther away and not exposed to artificial light. In parallel, we measured the isopods' locomotor activity in the laboratory using actographs that recorded their movement within mesocosms simulating the beach surface. Measurements in the field indicated a clear reduction in isopod abundance near the source of the light and a restriction of their tidal distribution range, as compared to control transects. Meanwhile, the laboratory experiments showed that in mesocosms exposed to ALAN, isopods exhibited reduced activity and a circadian rhythm that was altered and even lost after a few days. Such changes with respect to control mesocosms with a natural day/night cycle suggest that the changes observed in the field were directly related to a disruption in the locomotor activity of the isopods. All together these results provide causal evidence of negative ALAN effects on this species, and call for further research on other nocturnal sandy beach species that might become increasingly affected by ALAN.
沿海栖息地,特别是沙滩,越来越容易受到夜间人工光污染(ALAN)的影响。然而,迄今为止,只有少数研究评估了 ALAN 对栖息在这些生态系统中的物种的影响。在这项研究中,我们评估了 ALAN 对智利中北部沙质海滩上的一种突出的藤壶消费者等足类动物 Tylos spinulosus 的影响。这种生物在白天会在沙子中挖洞,晚上则会出来向岸迁移,因此我们认为它可以作为研究 ALAN 对沿海夜间物种影响的模型物种。我们评估了 ALAN 是否通过在靠近沙丘边缘的上滩沉积物中放置光系统来改变这种等足类动物的分布和运动活性,该系统模拟了公共照明附近测量的光强度。将等足类动物的反应与位于更远且未暴露于人工光的对照样带进行比较。同时,我们使用记录在模拟海滩表面的中观系统内运动的活动记录仪在实验室中测量等足类动物的运动活性。野外测量表明,与对照样带相比,在光源附近等足类动物的丰度明显减少,其潮汐分布范围受到限制。与此同时,实验室实验表明,在暴露于 ALAN 的中观系统中,等足类动物的活动减少,昼夜节律发生改变,甚至在几天后失去。与具有自然昼夜周期的对照中观系统相比,这些变化表明在野外观察到的变化与等足类动物的运动活性中断直接相关。所有这些结果都为 ALAN 对该物种的负面影响提供了因果证据,并呼吁对其他可能越来越受到 ALAN 影响的夜间沙滩物种进行进一步研究。