Sun P, Yang X B
Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
Plant Dis. 2000 Dec;84(12):1287-1293. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.12.1287.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of light, moisture, and temperature on apothecium production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sclerotia were placed in sand beds in crispers and exposed to two light intensities. For each light intensity, sclerotia were subjected to five temperature levels and three moisture levels. The results showed that the optimal temperature and temperature range for germination of sclerotia were affected by both light intensity and the moisture level of the sand. At light intensity of 80 to 90 mol m s (low light intensity treatment), the optimal temperatures were in the range of 12 to 18°C regardless of moisture level. At light intensity of 120 to 130 mol m s (high light intensity treatment), the optimal temperature was shifted to 20°C when the soil moisture level was high. Under high light intensity, only a few days were needed for initials to develop into apothecia. Under low light intensity, several weeks were needed for initials to develop into apothecia. The frequency with which initials developed into apothecia was high under high light intensity (80%) but low under low light intensity. The initials produced at low light intensity and high temperature (25 to 30°C) were thinner and longer. The apothecia also were smaller at low light intensity than those produced at high light intensity at any temperature. The periods for apothecium production were longer under lower temperature treatments. The relationship between apothecium production and degree days was analyzed. Apothecium production began at about 160 degree days and ceased at about 900 degree days at high light intensity. However, production began at about 760 degree days and ceased at 1,720 degree days at low light intensity. Nonlinear regression equations which describe the relationship between cumulative formation of apothecia and degree days were highly significant. The deviation between the observed value and the predicted value increased as degree days increased.
本研究的目的是量化光照、湿度和温度对核盘菌子囊盘产生的影响。菌核被放置在保鲜盒的沙床中，并暴露于两种光照强度下。对于每种光照强度，菌核分别经受五个温度水平和三个湿度水平。结果表明，菌核萌发的最适温度和温度范围受光照强度和沙床湿度水平的影响。在80至90 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹的光照强度下（低光照强度处理），无论湿度水平如何，最适温度范围为12至18°C。在120至130 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹的光照强度下（高光照强度处理），当土壤湿度较高时，最适温度变为20°C。在高光照强度下，原基发育成子囊盘只需几天时间。在低光照强度下，原基发育成子囊盘需要数周时间。在高光照强度下，原基发育成子囊盘的频率较高（80%），而在低光照强度下则较低。在低光照强度和高温（25至30°C）下产生的原基更细更长。在任何温度下，低光照强度下产生的子囊盘也比高光照强度下产生的子囊盘小。在较低温度处理下，子囊盘产生的时间更长。分析了子囊盘产生与度日之间的关系。在高光照强度下，子囊盘产生始于约160度日并止于约900度日。然而，在低光照强度下，产生始于约760度日并止于1720度日。描述子囊盘累积形成与度日之间关系的非线性回归方程具有高度显著性。随着度日增加，观测值与预测值之间的偏差增大。
