McLaughlin J A
Ontario Forest Research Institute, 1235 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
Plant Dis. 2001 Jan;85(1):98. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.1.98C.
Armillaria mellea sensu stricto (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer has been found infrequently in studies conducted in northeastern North America (2) and it was not found in an earlier survey of northern Ontario (3). In a 1999 survey of Armillaria spp. conducted in central and southern Ontario, A. mellea s. str. was found at four of 110 locations surveyed, two approximately 100 km west and southwest of Ottawa, one 15 km north of Belleville, and one on the Niagara Peninsula in the Balls Falls Conservation Area. At the Ottawa area sites, A. mellea s. str. was found on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) stumps. A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and A. gallica Marxmuller & Romagn. were also found on these sites. At the Belleville site, it was found on a dead co-dominant white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), while at the Niagara Peninsula site it was found on a dead, suppressed beech. A. gallica was also found at these latter sites. Sites ranged from moisture regimes fresh to moist, and from sandy to silty soil from both calcareous and non-calcareous parent material. Four isolates were obtained from infected wood and rhizomorphs and identified by the polymerase chain reaction, yielding restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) products of 500 and 183 base pairs. These fragment sizes are similar to findings reported in an earlier study (4). The identification was confirmed by haploid/diploid pairing. The Balls Falls Conservation Area is in close proximity to extensive fruit orchards and the presence of A. mellea is cause for concern, especially in light of its proven pathogenicity to fruit trees (1). This is the first confirmation of A. mellea s. str. in Ontario. References: (1) J. E. Adaskaveg and J. M. Ogawa. Plant Dis. 74:341-352, 1990. (2) J. T. Blodgett and J. J. Worrall. Plant Dis. 76:166-170, 1992. (3) M. T. Dumas. Can. J. For. Res. 18:872-874, 1988. (4) T. C. Harrington and B. D. Wingfield. Mycologia 87:280-288, 1995.
狭义蜜环菌（Armillaria mellea sensu stricto (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer）在北美东北部开展的研究中很少被发现（2），在安大略省北部早期的一项调查中也未被发现（3）。在1999年对安大略省中部和南部蜜环菌属（Armillaria spp.）进行的一项调查中，在110个被调查地点中的4个发现了狭义蜜环菌。其中两个地点位于渥太华以西和西南约100公里处，一个位于贝尔维尔以北15公里处，另一个位于尼亚加拉半岛的鲍尔斯瀑布保护区。在渥太华地区的地点，狭义蜜环菌生长在红橡树（Quercus rubra L.）和山毛榉（Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.）树桩上。在这些地点还发现了奥氏蜜环菌（Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink）和高卢蜜环菌（Armillaria gallica Marxmuller & Romagn.）。在贝尔维尔的地点，它生长在一棵死亡的优势白桦树（Betula papyrifera Marsh.）上，而在尼亚加拉半岛的地点，它生长在一棵死亡的、受抑制的山毛榉上。在后面这些地点也发现了高卢蜜环菌。这些地点的湿度状况从新鲜到潮湿不等，土壤质地从沙质到粉质，母质既有钙质的也有非钙质的。从受感染的木材和菌索中获得了4个分离株，并通过聚合酶链反应进行鉴定，产生了500和183个碱基对的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）产物。这些片段大小与早期一项研究（4）中报道的结果相似。通过单倍体/二倍体配对确认了鉴定结果。鲍尔斯瀑布保护区紧邻大片果园，狭义蜜环菌的存在令人担忧，特别是考虑到它对果树已被证实的致病性（1）。这是狭义蜜环菌在安大略省的首次确认。参考文献：（1）J. E. Adaskaveg和J. M. Ogawa。《植物病害》74:341 - 352，1990年。（2）J. T. Blodgett和J. J. Worrall。《植物病害》76:166 - 170，1992年。（3）M. T. Dumas。《加拿大森林研究杂志》18:872 - 874，1988年。（4）T. C. Harrington和B. D. Wingfield。《真菌学》87:280 - 288，1995年。
