Børve Jorunn, Sekse Lars, Stensvand Arne
The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Ullensvang Research Centre, N-5781 Lofthus, Norway.
The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Plant Protection Centre, Felles-bygget, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
Plant Dis. 2000 Nov;84(11):1180-1184. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.11.1180.
Preharvest cuticular fractures in sweet cherry fruit have been suggested to facilitate pathogen invasion, and a method to classify the mount of cuticular fracturing into five categories (from 1 = no visible fractures to 5 = severe fracturing) has previously been proposed. Sweet cherry fruit of the four cultivars Early Burlat, Lapins, Van, and Vista were sorted into these five categories of cuticular fracturing and inoculated with conidial suspensions of either Botrytis cinerea or Monilinia laxa. After incubating the fruit at 20°C and 100% relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, they were assessed for visible fungal growth. Due to quiescent infections of M. laxa, fruit treated with B. cinerea developed more brown rot than gray mold. However, a significant linear relation (P < 0.05) between the amount of cuticular fracturing and fungal infections was obtained in five of seven trials with B. cinerea and in two of four trials with M. laxa, indicating that fungal infections in sweet cherry fruit may be facilitated by cuticular fractures. Independent of cultivar and year, a significant linear relation was found between the category of cuticular fracturing and percentage of infected fruit after inoculation with both B. cinerea and M. laxa, and in control fruit (P = 0.0001, 0.0183, and 0.0182, respectively). This is the first report quantifying an increase in fungal infection with increasing amount of cuticular fracturing. The mean difference in fruit rot (%) ± standard deviation among fruit in fracturing categories 1 and 5, expressed as the linear contrast of amount of fruit rot in category 5 minus amount of fruit rot in category 1, was 37.2 ± 7.4 (P = 0.0001), 35.4 ± 11.0 (P = 0.0022), 17.0 ± 6.7 (P = 0.0135), and 29.8 ± 4.7 (P = 0.0001), after treatments with B. cinerea, M. laxa, water control, and for all data pooled, respectively.
有研究表明，甜樱桃果实采前的表皮破裂会促进病原体入侵，此前已提出一种将表皮破裂程度分为五类的方法（从1 = 无可见破裂到5 = 严重破裂）。将早熟伯拉特、拉宾斯、凡和维斯塔这四个品种的甜樱桃果实按照表皮破裂的这五类进行分类，并接种灰葡萄孢或核果链核盘菌的分生孢子悬浮液。在20°C和100%相对湿度下将果实培养4至7天，然后评估其可见的真菌生长情况。由于核果链核盘菌的潜伏感染，用灰葡萄孢处理的果实发生的褐腐病比灰霉病更多。然而，在七次灰葡萄孢试验中的五次以及四次核果链核盘菌试验中的两次，均获得了表皮破裂程度与真菌感染之间显著的线性关系（P < 0.05），这表明甜樱桃果实的真菌感染可能会因表皮破裂而加剧。与品种和年份无关，在用灰葡萄孢和核果链核盘菌接种后以及对照果实中，均发现表皮破裂类别与感染果实百分比之间存在显著的线性关系（分别为P = 0.0001、0.0183和0.0182）。这是第一份量化随着表皮破裂程度增加真菌感染也增加的报告。在第1类和第5类破裂果实中，果实腐烂率（%）的平均差异±标准差，以第5类果实腐烂量减去第1类果实腐烂量的线性对比表示，在用灰葡萄孢处理后为37.2 ± 7.4（P = 0.0001），用核果链核盘菌处理后为35.4 ± 11.0（P = 0.0022），用水对照处理后为17.0 ± 6.7（P = 0.0135），将所有数据合并后为29.8 ± 4.7（P = 0.0001）。
