Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
Eur Urol. 2019 Jul;76(1):4-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.027. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
It has been demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade has efficacy similar to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression levels can be used to rationally design clinical trials aimed at personalizing systemic therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
已经证明，免疫检查点阻断在新辅助治疗环境中的疗效与化疗相似。生物标志物，如 PD-L1 表达水平，可用于合理设计临床试验，旨在为肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的系统治疗实现个体化。
