Grayson Kelly, Gregory Ebony, Khan Ghazala, Guinn Barbara-Ann
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Biomark Cancer. 2019 Feb 26;11:1179299X19830977. doi: 10.1177/1179299X19830977. eCollection 2019.
Ovarian cancer affects around 7500 women in the United Kingdom every year. Despite this, there is no effective screening strategy or standard treatment for ovarian cancer. If diagnosed during stage I, ovarian cancer has a 90% 5-year survival rate; however, there is usually a masking of symptoms which leads to an often late-stage diagnosis and correspondingly poor survival rate. Current diagnostic methods are invasive and consist of a pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, and blood tests to detect cancer antigen 125 (CA125). Unfortunately, surgery is often still required to make a positive diagnosis. To address the need for accurate, specific, and non-invasive diagnostic methods, there has been an increased interest in biomarkers identified through non-invasive tests as tools for the earlier diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Although most studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers in blood, the ease of availability of urine and the high patient compliance rates suggest that it could provide a promising resource for the screening of patients for ovarian cancer.
在英国，每年约有7500名女性受卵巢癌影响。尽管如此，目前尚无针对卵巢癌的有效筛查策略或标准治疗方法。如果在一期被诊断出，卵巢癌患者的5年生存率为90%；然而，症状往往不明显，这导致通常在晚期才被诊断出来，相应地生存率也很低。目前的诊断方法具有侵入性，包括盆腔检查、经阴道超声检查以及检测癌抗原125（CA125）的血液检测。不幸的是，通常仍需要通过手术才能确诊。为了满足对准确、特异且非侵入性诊断方法的需求，人们对通过非侵入性检测鉴定出的生物标志物作为早期诊断卵巢癌的工具越来越感兴趣。尽管大多数研究都集中在血液中生物标志物的鉴定上，但尿液易于获取且患者依从率高，这表明尿液可能为卵巢癌患者的筛查提供有前景的资源。
