Akram Zohaib, Javed Fawad, Vohra Fahim
Department of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
J Investig Clin Dent. 2019 Aug;10(3):e12403. doi: 10.1111/jicd.12403. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
The aim of the present review was to evaluate the effect of waterpipe smoking (WS) on clinical peri-implant inflammatory parameters compared to non-smokers (NS) with dental implants. Literature searches were performed using bibliographic databases up to May 2018. Primary outcomes included peri-implant bone loss (PIBL), while secondary outcomes were probing depth (PD), plaque index, and bleeding on probing. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each PIBL and PD were estimated by a random-effect model. Four retrospective case-control studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. All of the included studies showed statistically-significantly worse peri-implant outcomes in WS compared to NS. Considering the effects of WS on peri-implant parameters, significant heterogeneity for PIBL (Q-value = 34.21, P < 0.0001, I = 94.16%) and PD (Q-value = 51.97, P < 0.0001, I = 96.15%) was observed between both groups. The overall RR for PIBL (RR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.01-3.97, P = 0.001) and PD (RR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.91-7.17, P = 0.001) were significant between WS and NS groups. WS has detrimental effect on peri-implant health. Clinicians should instruct and advise patients about poor prognosis and peri-implant diseases caused by WS.
本综述的目的是评估与有牙种植体的非吸烟者（NS）相比，水烟吸食（WS）对临床种植体周围炎症参数的影响。截至2018年5月，使用文献数据库进行了文献检索。主要结局包括种植体周围骨丢失（PIBL），次要结局为探诊深度（PD）、菌斑指数和探诊出血。通过随机效应模型估计每个PIBL和PD的相对风险（RR）及95%置信区间（CI）。定性和定量综合分析纳入了四项回顾性病例对照研究。所有纳入研究均显示，与NS相比，WS患者的种植体周围结局在统计学上显著更差。考虑到WS对种植体周围参数的影响，两组间PIBL（Q值 = 34.21，P < 0.0001，I² = 94.16%）和PD（Q值 = 51.97，P < 0.0001，I² = 96.15%）存在显著异质性。WS和NS组间PIBL（RR = 3.32，95% CI = 1.01 - 3.97，P = 0.001）和PD（RR = 3.40，95% CI = 1.91 - 7.17，P = 0.001）的总体RR均具有显著性。WS对种植体周围健康有有害影响。临床医生应就WS导致的预后不良和种植体周围疾病对患者进行指导和建议。
