Sandelowski M
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1986 Apr;8(3):27-37. doi: 10.1097/00012272-198604000-00005.
There are few explicit discussions in nursing literature of how qualitative research can be made as rigorous as it is relevant to the perspective and goals of nursing. Four factors complicate the debate about the scientific merits of qualitative research: the varieties of qualitative methods, the lack of clear boundaries between quantitative and qualitative research, the tendency to evaluate qualitative research against conventional scientific criteria of rigor, and the artistic features of qualitative inquiry. A framework for understanding the similarities and differences in research approaches and a summary of strategies to achieve rigor in qualitative research are presented.
护理文献中很少有关于如何使定性研究既严谨又符合护理视角和目标的明确讨论。有四个因素使关于定性研究科学价值的辩论变得复杂：定性方法的多样性、定量研究和定性研究之间缺乏明确界限、倾向于根据传统科学严谨标准评估定性研究，以及定性探究的艺术性特征。本文提出了一个理解研究方法异同的框架以及定性研究实现严谨性的策略总结。
