Wei Min-Song, Xing Fei, You Zheng
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Light Sci Appl. 2018 May 4;7:18006. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2018.6. eCollection 2018.
A small and weak target detection method is proposed in this work that outperforms all other methods in terms of real-time capability. It is the first time that two-dimensional (2D) images are processed using only one-dimensional1D structuring elements in a morphology-based approach, enabling the real-time hardware implementation of the whole image processing method. A parallel image readout and processing structure is introduced to achieve an ultra-low latency time on the order of nanoseconds, and a hyper-frame resolution in the time domain can be achieved by combining the row-by-row structure and the electrical rolling shutter technique. Experimental results suggest that the expected target can be successfully detected under various interferences with an accuracy of 0.1 pixels (1) under the worst sky night test condition and that a centroiding precision of better than 0.03 pixels (1) can be reached for static tests. The real-time detection method with high robustness and accuracy is attractive for application to all types of real-time small target detection systems, such as medical imaging, infrared surveillance, and target measurement and tracking, where an ultra-high processing speed is required.
本文提出了一种小而弱目标检测方法，其在实时能力方面优于所有其他方法。这是首次在基于形态学的方法中仅使用一维（1D）结构元素处理二维（2D）图像，从而实现整个图像处理方法的实时硬件实现。引入了并行图像读出和处理结构以实现纳秒级的超低延迟时间，并且通过结合逐行结构和电子滚动快门技术可以在时域中实现超帧分辨率。实验结果表明，在最坏的夜空测试条件下，预期目标能够在各种干扰下以0.1像素（1）的精度成功检测到，并且在静态测试中可以达到优于0.03像素（1）的质心精度。这种具有高鲁棒性和准确性的实时检测方法对于应用于所有类型的实时小目标检测系统具有吸引力，例如医学成像、红外监视以及需要超高处理速度的目标测量和跟踪。
