Jaspers N, Holzapfel B, Kasper P
Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2019 Sep;114(6):509-518. doi: 10.1007/s00063-019-0551-1. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
Abdominal ultrasound is established as an important and low-risk diagnostic procedure in emergency and intensive care medicine that allows rapid and precise diagnosis in symptomatic patients and helps to evaluate which further diagnostic steps are needed. Abdominal ultrasound should be performed as the initial imaging modality in all symptomatic patients in an emergency or intensive care unit and can be used with great accuracy to detect the presence of various abdominal pathologies, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, abscess, ureterolithiasis or free fluid. Furthermore ultrasound represents the imaging modality of choice for guiding many diagnostic and interventional percutaneous procedures in emergency and intensive care medicine and can be used e. g. to drain pleural fluid or abdominal abscesses. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can additionally be performed to provide a more reliable assessment of solid organ injuries and has the potential to detect parenchymal lesions or active bleeding from a variety of traumatic origins. Abdominal ultrasound is aimed to integrate rapidly detectable sonographic findings into the clinical context. To ensure required standards, regular training is necessary and it is important to understand methodological limitations.
腹部超声已成为急诊和重症医学中一项重要且低风险的诊断程序，它能对有症状的患者进行快速、精确的诊断，并有助于评估还需要采取哪些进一步的诊断步骤。在急诊或重症监护病房，腹部超声应作为所有有症状患者的初始成像检查方法，它能非常准确地检测出各种腹部病变的存在，如腹主动脉瘤、脓肿、输尿管结石或游离液体。此外，超声是急诊和重症医学中指导许多诊断性和介入性经皮操作的首选成像方法，例如可用于引流胸腔积液或腹部脓肿。还可进行对比增强超声（CEUS）检查，以更可靠地评估实体器官损伤，并有可能检测出各种创伤性来源的实质病变或活动性出血。腹部超声旨在将快速检测到的超声检查结果融入临床情况中。为确保达到所需标准，定期培训是必要的，了解方法学上的局限性也很重要。
