Turnbull P C, Broster M G, Carman J A, Manchee R J, Melling J
Infect Immun. 1986 May;52(2):356-63. doi: 10.1128/iai.52.2.356-363.1986.
A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect antibodies in serum to the protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) components of anthrax toxin. Current human vaccination schedules with an acellular vaccine induce predictable and lasting antibody titers to PA and, when present in the vaccine, to LF. Live spore vaccine administered to guinea pigs in a single dose conferred significantly better protection than the human vaccines (P less than 0.001), although they elicited significantly lower (P less than 0.0005) anti-PA and anti-LF titers at time of challenge with virulent Bacillus anthracis. Substantial anti-PA and anti-LF titers may not, therefore, indicate solid protective immunity against anthrax infection. The ELISA system was also shown to be capable of detecting anti-PA and anti-LF antibodies in the sera of individuals with histories of clinical anthrax. The advantage of ELISA over the Ouchterlony gel diffusion test and indirect microhemagglutination assay are demonstrated. There was a highly significant degree of correlation between ELISA and the indirect microhemagglutination assay (P less than 0.0005); but ELISA was markedly superior in terms of reproducibility, reliability, specificity, and simplicity in performance and stability of the bound antigen.
开发了一种竞争性抑制酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），用于检测血清中针对炭疽毒素保护性抗原（PA）和致死因子（LF）成分的抗体。目前使用无细胞疫苗的人类疫苗接种方案可诱导出针对PA的可预测且持久的抗体滴度，若疫苗中含有LF，则也可诱导针对LF的抗体滴度。给豚鼠单次接种活芽孢疫苗所提供的保护明显优于人类疫苗（P<0.001），尽管在受到强毒炭疽芽孢杆菌攻击时，活芽孢疫苗诱导产生的抗PA和抗LF滴度明显较低（P<0.0005）。因此，较高的抗PA和抗LF滴度可能并不表明对炭疽感染具有可靠的保护性免疫。ELISA系统还被证明能够检测有临床炭疽病史个体血清中的抗PA和抗LF抗体。证明了ELISA相对于双向琼脂扩散试验和间接微血凝试验的优势。ELISA与间接微血凝试验之间存在高度显著的相关性（P<0.0005）；但ELISA在重复性、可靠性、特异性以及结合抗原的性能稳定性和操作简便性方面明显更优。
