State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,
State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2019 Mar 1;24(5):947-960. doi: 10.2741/4760.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), epigenetically regulates chromatin structure and gene expression through trimethylation at histone H3K27 and recruitment of DNA methyltransferases for gene silencing. Despite extensive studies of the role of EZH2 in cancer progression and malignancy, increasing evidences suggest that EZH2 plays a critical role in stem cells renewal, maintenance, and differentiation into specific cell lineages. Here, we reviewed the update information regarding how EZH2 contributes to stem cell maintenance and cell lineage determination (including gonadogenesis, neurogenesis, myogenesis, osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, adipogenesis, epidermal differentiation and hepatogenesis), and the regulation of EZH2 by phosphorylation and different signaling pathways.
增强子结合锌指蛋白 2（EZH2）是多梳抑制复合物 2（PRC2）的催化亚基，通过组蛋白 H3K27 的三甲基化和招募 DNA 甲基转移酶来沉默基因，从而在表观遗传水平上调节染色质结构和基因表达。尽管已经对 EZH2 在癌症进展和恶性肿瘤中的作用进行了广泛的研究，但越来越多的证据表明，EZH2 在干细胞的更新、维持和分化为特定细胞谱系中起着关键作用。在这里，我们综述了关于 EZH2 如何促进干细胞维持和细胞谱系决定（包括性腺发生、神经发生、肌发生、成骨发生、造血发生、淋巴发生、脂肪生成、表皮分化和肝发生）的最新信息，以及 EZH2 被磷酸化和不同信号通路调控的信息。
