Chou Ruey-Hwang, Yu Yung-Luen, Hung Mien-Chie
Am J Transl Res. 2011 May 15;3(3):243-50. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), epigenetically regulates chromatin structure and gene expressions through tri-methylation at histone H3K27 and recruitment of DNA methyltransferases for gene silencing. Despite extensive studies of the role of EZH2 in cancer progression and malignancy, increasing evidence also suggest that EZH2 plays a critical role in stem cells renewal, maintenance, and differentiation into specific cell lineages. Here, we review the updated information regarding how EZH2 contributes to stem cell maintenance, cell lineage determination, including myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, epidermal differentiation and hepatogenesis, and how EZH2 is regulated by phosphorylation and microRNAs in these processes.
zeste同源物2增强子（EZH2）是多梳抑制复合物2（PRC2）的催化成分，通过组蛋白H3K27三甲基化和招募DNA甲基转移酶进行基因沉默，在表观遗传上调节染色质结构和基因表达。尽管对EZH2在癌症进展和恶性肿瘤中的作用进行了广泛研究，但越来越多的证据也表明，EZH2在干细胞更新、维持以及分化为特定细胞谱系中起着关键作用。在此，我们综述了有关EZH2如何促进干细胞维持、细胞谱系确定（包括肌生成、脂肪生成、成骨、神经发生、造血、淋巴细胞生成、表皮分化和肝生成），以及在这些过程中EZH2如何受到磷酸化和微小RNA调控的最新信息。
